Term
| What is the most common bacteria associated w/kidney stones? |
|
Definition
-Klebsiella according to lecturer
-Proteus - notes |
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Term
| What is found in most patients with Kidney stones |
|
Definition
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Term
| What size of stones will pass in <48hrs? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Best test for diagnosis of kidney stones? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 interventional ways to remove kidney stones? |
|
Definition
1) extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
2) percutaneous lithotripsy
3) retrograde basket retrieval
4) surgical intervention |
|
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Term
| percutaneous nephrostolithotomy is indicated if? |
|
Definition
1) extremely large (>2cm) or complex calculi
2) Cystine stones resistant to ESWL
3) Anatomic abnormalities
4) caliceal diverteicula |
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Term
| lab sequence for diagnosing Calcium-containing stones: |
|
Definition
1) Measure fasting urinary pH >6
2) Ammonia chloride acid loading test - if pH does not fall below 5.4 when bicarb falls below 20meq/L - distal renal tubular acidosis is present |
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Term
| What are the two ways that distal renal tubular acidosis contributes to stone formation? |
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Definition
1) persistently high urine pH favors precipitation of calcium phosphate
2) low levels of citrate excreting inhibits stone formation |
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Term
| triad found in lab for diagnosis of distal renal tubular acidosis |
|
Definition
1) metabolic acidosis w/normal anion gap
2) alkaline urine pH
3) hypokalemia |
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Term
| What is an important dietary risk factor for recurrent nephrolithiasis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the pharmacological treatment for calcium-containing stones? |
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Definition
1) Hydrochlorothizaide (HCTZ)
2) Amiloride
3) Neutral Na+ or K+ phosphate
4) Potassium citrate |
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Term
| What is the treatment for hyperoxaluria? |
|
Definition
1) calcium carbonate
2) cholestryamine
3) pyridoxine |
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Term
| Treatment of Uric acid stones |
|
Definition
1) sodium bicarb or potassium citrate
2) allopurinol - tx of choice for reducing uric acid secretion |
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Term
| Large stones with staghorn appearance are consistent with what type of stones? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an autsomal recessive disorder that has hexagonal crystals in urine? |
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Definition
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