Term
| symptoms of renal vein thrombosis |
|
Definition
| flank pain, hematuria, AKF, membranous nephropathy |
|
|
Term
| what % of renal function is lost before SCr rises? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what factors affect serium creatinine |
|
Definition
| age, sex, muscle mass, dietary protein intake |
|
|
Term
| how do you calculate creatinine clearance rate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is blood urea used less often to measure renal function? |
|
Definition
| varies with diet, reabs in tubules (falsely lowers GFR), reabs varies w/urine flow (clearance becomes independent at low urine flow rates) |
|
|
Term
| stages of chronic kidney disease |
|
Definition
normal: GFR 90ml/min
CKD1- evidence of kidney dmg
CKD2(mild)- kidney dmg & GFR 60-89
CDK3(mod)- GFR 30-59
CKD4(severe)- GFR 15-29
CKD5(failure)- GFR < 15 |
|
|
Term
| U/S reveals echogenic & enlarged kidneys indicates |
|
Definition
| parenchymal renal disease |
|
|
Term
| U/S reveals echogenic and small kidneys indicates |
|
Definition
| advanced chronic kidney disease |
|
|
Term
| procedure of choice to differentiate cystic from solid renal masses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| used for initial assessment for kidney stones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is it important to get a morning urine specimen |
|
Definition
| acidic and concentrated (alkaline can dissolve the formed elements) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood, pyuria, chyluria, or phosphate precip |
|
|
Term
normal morning urine ph
normal urine ph range |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammation in kidney or urinary tract
i.e. pyelo or cystitis or AIN |
|
|
Term
| what causes hyaline casts |
|
Definition
| Tam-horsfall proteins (Secreted by LOH cells) aggregate in distal nephron or CD when urine flow is sluggish and environment is acidic |
|
|
Term
| tubular epithelial cell cast indicates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| entrapment of albumin in nephrotic syndrome |
|
|
Term
| hexagonal shap cystine crystals indicate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| envelope shaped oxalate crystals indicate |
|
Definition
| calcium oxalate stone or ethylene glycol poisoning |
|
|
Term
| what are symptoms of uremia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of tubular disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the definition of chronic renal insufficiency? |
|
Definition
| chronic elevation of serum creatinine but not renal failure |
|
|
Term
| What can cause transient proteinuria (less than 1gm/day)? |
|
Definition
fever in hospitalized patients
CHF
exercise
overproduction of light chains, heavy chains, or other fragments of Ig |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical consequences of nephrotic syndrome? |
|
Definition
low serum albumin
low plasma oncotic pressure
reduced intravasc volume
salt and water retention
increased lipids
hypercoag |
|
|
Term
| When will BUN and creatinine be raised above normal levels? |
|
Definition
| when 50% of total kidney function is lost |
|
|
Term
| What is the initial procedure of choice to distinguish cystic v solid renal mass? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of stones cannot be seen on plain xray? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do you seen transitional epithelial cells in the urine? |
|
Definition
| pyelitis, calculi, cystitis etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fat droplets(lipiduria); nephrotic syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What could cause a patient w/o renal disease to have hyaline casts in the urine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do you see diamond shaped (uric acid) crystals? |
|
Definition
| uric acid calculi, acute urate nephropathy, rhabdomyalysis |
|
|
Term
| What is the definition of chronic kidney disease? |
|
Definition
| progressive and irreversible loss of function; GFR <60 for 4 or more months |
|
|
Term
| What are risk factors for CKD? |
|
Definition
| DMB, HT, family Hx, reduction in kidney mass, low birth weight, >60yo, minority status, low income/educational level |
|
|
Term
| What are the hallmarks of tubular hypertrophy and glomerular sclerosis? |
|
Definition
| hypertension, tubular hypertrophy, and glomerular sclerosis |
|
|
Term
| What condition is associated w/hyperfiltration and glomerular hypertrophy? |
|
Definition
| diabetes and hyperglycemia |
|
|
Term
| How does hyperlipidemia damage the kidney? |
|
Definition
| it produces mesangial proliferation |
|
|
Term
| How do ACE inhibitors and ARBs reduce proteinuria? |
|
Definition
| They dilate the efferent arterioles and reduce intraglomerular pressure |
|
|
Term
| At what stage of chronic kidney disease do you prepare for dialysis and transplantation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Definition of kidney failure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some complications of chronic kidney disease? |
|
Definition
| HTN, anemia, CVD, malnutrition, bone disease, acidosis, decreased quality of life |
|
|
Term
| What are the metabolic consequences in stage 2 of chronic kidney disease? |
|
Definition
decreased urine phosphate excretion (transient rise in serum phosphate and decreased in calcium)
decreased renal alpha hydroxylase activity (decreased vitamin D production) |
|
|
Term
| What is the major cause of morbidity/mortality in patients w/CKD? |
|
Definition
| accelerated atherosclerosis |
|
|
Term
| Consequences of uremic syndrome |
|
Definition
| atherosclerosis, pleuritis, hyperparathyroidism, anemia, prolonged bleeding, depressed immune system, GI problems, pale yellow color, weakness, osteodystrophy |
|
|
Term
| What happens to children w/CKD? |
|
Definition
| malnourished and growth retardation |
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