Term
| Difference between angina and MI. |
|
Definition
| MI has increased enzymes, angina doesn't |
|
|
Term
| Cardiac exercise testing drug |
|
Definition
| Dobutamine (to see if pain) |
|
|
Term
| Cardiac cath considerations |
|
Definition
| OFF Metformin, allergies to shellfish |
|
|
Term
| Thrombolytic given within 6 hrs of MI onset |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ablation-Burning
Angioplasty- widening a narrowed vessel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| S/S= sudden dyspnea, tachypnea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| S/S=sudden sharp pain, hyper-resonant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(lung tissue adheres)
S/S= localized pain, aggravated by breathing, dull percussion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| S/S= epigastric burning, relieved w/food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Left-sided failure sx's (forward & backward) |
|
Definition
| S/S= tachycardia, cool extremities, pulmonary congestion, dyspnea, fatigue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| S/S= peripheral edema, weight gain, fatigue, JVD, ascites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| O2, diuretics, ACE, nitro, dobutamine |
|
|
Term
| Peripheral vasc. disease- Arterial= S/S |
|
Definition
| int. claudication, decreased hair, dry skin, cool |
|
|
Term
| Peripheral vasc. disease- Venous- S/S |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
S/S- bleeding multiple sites
Tx= Labs (high fibrin splits & high D-Dimer), FFplasma, platelets, heparin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nipride (potenet anti-hypertensive) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
S/S- tachycardia & low BP
Tx= diuretics, dobutamine, nitro, norepi (if systolic BP <70), blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Meningitis, pertussis, pneumonia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Wind-atelectasis-->spirometer
Water-UTI-->remove Foley
Walking-DVT--> ambulate/ROM
WBC- infection/pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| If pt has fluid volume deficit, urine spec. gravity will be _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In fluid volume excess, urine spec gravity will be ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx for fluid volume excess |
|
Definition
| diuretics, fluid/Na+ restric. |
|
|
Term
| Hypokalemia/ hyperkalemia S/S |
|
Definition
Hypokalemia= muscle weakness, dysrhythmias
Hyperkalemia= cramps, cardiac arrest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ca+ gluconate
Insulin
Albuterol
Kayexalate
Diuretics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bananas, cantaloupe, raisins |
|
|
Term
| S/S hypocalcemia & hypercalcemia |
|
Definition
Hypocalcemia= muscle cramps, +Trouseau/Chovstek
Hypercalcemia= muscle weakness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
S/S= butterfly rash, fatigue
Tx= corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Report low BP or fever STAT
Meds= Immuran, Cyclosprine, Muromonab |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Test 3-6 mo's after contact- FIRST ELISA, then Western Blot to confirm
S/S- flu-like/rash |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cancer of lymph nodes
S/S= painless large lymph nodes, fatigue
Tx= rest, radiation/chemo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
S/S- bone pain, worse at night
Tx= rest, fluids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Med used to tx stomatitis (mouth breakdown in cancer) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Teletherapy= beam radiation
Brachytherapy= unsealed/Sealed (limit contact) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
F- face numb
A- Arm weak
S- Speech
T- Time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
TPA (tissue plasminogen activase) w.in 3 hrs
Nimodipine (Ca+ channel) for vasospasm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
4- Eye open
5- Verbal response
6- Motor response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
S/S= change in LOC, Cushing's (increased systolic, low HR, widened pulse pressure)
Tx= Mannitol/furosamide, HOB 30 degrees, mild hyperventilation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Above T6= loss if BP (life-threatening) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Loss of reflexes belor area of injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(after spinal shock recovers)
Full bladder- ex.
S/S= restless, nausea, decreased HR, diaphoretic above level of injury, pale below |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
S/S= fatigue, intention tremor, poor coordination, bladder dysfunction, speech difficult, blurred vision
Tx= prevent progression
Immunomodulators, Steroids, Antispasmodics (Zanaflex/Baclofen) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(autoimmune involving muscle)
S/S= profound weakness
Myasthenia Crisis= difficulty swallowing/breathing)
Tx= Anticholinesterase, Immunosupression, Plasma exchange, Thymectomy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sinemet= levodopa + carbadopa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(stones block duct opening-->enzymes trapped-->autodigestion)
S/S= LUQ/back/flank pain
Tx= Analgesics (PCA), smooth muscle relaxants (IVPush), anticholinergics, NPO
Labs= increased serum lipase/amylase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
S/S= N/V, melena, abd pain, shock
Tx= Gastric lavage, NG tube, NPO, blood products (Ringer's/Albumin), Proton-Pump Inhibitors/H2 Blockers, Sucralfate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ages 15-20 d/t stress (continuous inflammation)
S/S= 15-20 diarrheas/day, low H/H
Tx= Colostomy, sulfasalazine/Steroids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ages 30-60 (Segments of bowel inflamed)
S/S= 3-4 stools/day, RLQ pain, N/V
Tx= May need colostomy |
|
|
Term
| Tx of Inflammatory Bowel (Chron's/Ulcerative Colitis) |
|
Definition
High protein, high calorie, low residue diet
NPO (if severe), fluids/lytes, NG for bowel rest, blood, surgery
Meds= Sulfaslazine, steroids, anti-motility, azothiaprine |
|
|
Term
Quadrant Pains:
RLQ
LLQ
RUQ
Back pain |
|
Definition
RLQ= Appendicitis/ Chron's
LLQ= Diverticulitis
RUQ= Cholecystitis (gall bladder) (AKA Murphy's Sign), Cirrhosis
Back pain= Pancreatitis |
|
|
Term
What does a normal stoma look like?
Stoma care? |
|
Definition
-Bright red/moist
-REPORT: dark purple/black/pale stoma ASAP
-Wash with soap + water= slight bleeding during cleaning is normal
Karaya (powder that protects skin)
Stomahesive (helps bag stick)
-Appropriate size bag, apply skin barrier, let dry before bag application |
|
|
Term
| Mechanical bowel obstruction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Interferes w/nerve supply)
Tx= NPO, NG, Decompression w/Cantor or Miller-Abbot Tube |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hep A= Fecal-Oral (food poisoning)
Hep B= Blood
Hep C= Blood transfusions
Hep D= Parenteral (have to have Hep B_
Hep E= Fecal-Oral (overseas) |
|
|
Term
| Pre-Icteric, Icteric, Post-Icteric in Hepatitis |
|
Definition
Pre= Fatigue, RUQ discomfort, N/V
Icteric= Jaundice, clay-colored stool, RUQ tender, splenomegaly, elevated PT (d/t liver responsible for clotting)
Post= Fatigue/malaise |
|
|
Term
| Isotonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic |
|
Definition
Isotonic= same concentration as body fluids (NS/LR/D5W)
Hypertonic= D5 1/2NS
Hypotonic= 1/2NS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hypertonic dextrose solution
Always* check with 2 nurses/replace tubing Q24hrs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Chronic/scarring inflammation fo liver)
S/S= RUQ pain, fatigue, N/V, jaundice, gynecomastia (estrogen made in liver), pruritis (toxic waste buildup), esophageal varices
Labs: AST/ALT elevated, PT elevated, Albumin low
Tx= Lactulose(prevent ammonia build-up), albumin, Sengstaken-Blakemore tube for varices
*Beware portal hypertension=back up of blood in liver goes back into portal vein S/S= ascites, esophageal varices, hemorrhoids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Immune/inflammatory d/t beta-strep--> ARF)
S/S=Hematuria, proteinuria, hypoalbumin, dark urine, High BUN/creatinine
Tx= Steroids, antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| Acute Renal Failure (ARF) |
|
Definition
Pre-Renal (no blood flow to kidneys)= caused by: fluid volume deficit), decreased cardiac output, shock, vasodilation
Intr-Renal= Causes= nephron damage (nephrotoxins, glomerulonephritis, diabetes, transfusions)
Post-Renal= (Anything that backs up fluid; anything occurs "after" the kidneys ex. prostate)= Causes= renal calculi, prostatic hyperplasia, strictures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Oliguric (retain what they usually excrete)= Low GRF <400ml/day, High Na+, K+, Phos, Ca+, Mg+, BUN/Creatinine
Diuretic (Partial Regeneration)= 3-5 liters/day; dehydration can occur
Recovery= Renal fx stabilizes in 3-12 months (some -->chronic renal failure |
|
|
Term
| Chronic Renal Failure (not reversible) |
|
Definition
-Decreased Renal Reserves= 40-70% nephron loss (BUN/Creatinine normal)
-Renal Insufficiency= 75-90% nephron loss (BUN/Creatinine rise)
-End-Stage Renal Failure= >90% nephron loss (dialysis, transplant) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
End-Stage renal failure
-Low erythropoeitin--> anemia
-Low GFR--> Met. Acidosis, decreased K+, Na+, H2O, Phos., & nitrogen waste secretion
-Low Vit. D--> low Ca+--> osteodystrophy
*These pt's need: Ca+, Vit D supplement, Epo, Phos Lo, Dialysis 3X/week, & transplant |
|
|
Term
| TURP (trans-urethral resection of prostate) |
|
Definition
Risks= hemorrhage, clot, PE, UTI
*Anticipate 3-way indwelling catheter, continous bladder irrigation
Tx=For pain= Belladonna/Opium suppositories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
S/S= Fatigue, weight loss, joint pain/swelling, limited motion, deformity (over time), multiple joints involved
Labs= increased rheumatoid facto, WBC, and Sed rate
Tx= decrease inflammation (steroids/DMARDs= methotrexate/Remacade), pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Wear-tear stiff joints
S/S= pain from use, relieved w/rest, crepitus, Heberden's nodes on fingers
Tx= Rest, Tylenol, knee replacement, weight loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Increased uric acid in joints= inflammation)
S/S= single joint swollen, warm/red/hot/shiny, painful
Tx= Hot/cold compress, rest, decrease weight, low purine diet (no shellfish, organ meats, sardines)
Meds=Colchicine & Allopurinal, NSAIDs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*Uses contrast dye*** Watch for iodine allergies
*Bedrest 24 hrs, watch for CSF leak, Semi-Fowler's
*Report stiff neck/fever/headache |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Total joint replacement
*Check CSM's= circulation, sensation, movement |
|
|
Term
| What do we never do in traction? |
|
Definition
NEVER turn anyone (check orders)
NEVER remove weights* |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pain, Pulseless, Paresthesia, Pale, Polar, Paresis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inject iodine to test infertility **think allergy** |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Clomid & Pergonol
Problems= bloating, abd pain, SOB, decreased output |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| S/S= temp >101.4, rash, diarrhea/vomiting, difficulty urinating, muscle aches, pelvic fullness, foul smell |
|
|
Term
| Side effect of birth control pills |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Meds that decrease effectiveness in birth control pills |
|
Definition
| Dilantin, Tegretol, Ampicillin, Tetracycline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Only in offspring if both parents have
25% offspring will express
25% won't carry
50% carriers |
|
|
Term
| All organs present in fetus by ____ weeks. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Umbilical cord arteries/veins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Moms feels fetal movement at ___ weeks. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Arteriosis= bypass lungs
Ovale= bypass lungs/ventricles
Venosis=bypass liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Subtract 3 months, add 7 days from start of LMP |
|
|
Term
Goodell's Sign
Chadwick's Sign |
|
Definition
Goodell= softening of cervix
Chadwick= bluish color of cervix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gravida (# times pregnant)
Term (born >37 weeks)
Preterm (born 20-37 weeks)
Abortion (before 20 weeks)
Living today |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Weight gain normal pregnancy |
|
Definition
1st Tri= 3-5 lbs
2nd/3rd Tri= 12-15 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Biophysical Profile (BPP) |
|
Definition
*If score <6= delivery!
Fetal breathing, movements, muscle tone, reactivity, fluid volume |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gestational Trophoblastic Disease |
|
Definition
No maternal chromosomes, only half grows-->grape-like vesicles
Tx= evacuate uterus, no pregnancies for 1 yr |
|
|
Term
| Difference between placenta previa & placental abruption |
|
Definition
Previa= painless, bright red bleeding (need C/S)
Abruption= may or may not bleed, dark red blood (old blood), pain or no pain
***Risk for hemmorrhage-->shock-->DIC!!!*** |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increased BP, proteinuria after 20 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hemolysis, Elevated liver enzymes, Low platelets --> hemorrhage, liver rupture, pulmonary edema
Tx= Magnesium Sulfate
Antidote for Mag Sulf= calcium gluconate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Variable-->Cord
Early-->Head
Accels-->Ok
Late-->Placenta |
|
|
Term
| Tx for Decels (Think POISON) |
|
Definition
-Increase mom's IV
-O2 Supplementation
-Stop Pitocin
-Position change
-Terbutaline- stop contractions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Phase 1= 0-3cm
Phase 2= 4-7cm
Phase 3=8cm-dilated |
|
|
Term
| Every Darn Fool In Rotterdam Eats Rotten Egg Rolls Everyday |
|
Definition
| Engagement, Descent, Flexion, Int. rotation, extension, restitution, external rotation, expulsion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nubain/Stadol
SE's= hypotension! |
|
|
Term
| Cervical ripening with _____. |
|
Definition
| Prostaglandins (cause labor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tocolytic=Terbutaline, Mag Sulf, Steroids to mature fetus |
|
|
Term
| Caput vs. cephalohematoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| After 24 hrs of age -->kernicterus! so bililights! |
|
|
Term
| Tx for hypoglycemia in newbron |
|
Definition
|
|
