Term
| Which drugs have narrow therapeutic index? |
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Definition
| Theophylline, Digoxin, Gentamycin, vancomycin, seizure meds |
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Term
| What is Beta-1 and Beta-2? |
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Definition
Beta 1= Heart
Beta 2- Lungs |
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Term
| What does a Beta 1 agonist do? A Beta 1 antagonist? |
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Definition
Beta 1 agonist= increase HR/BP
Beta 2 antagonist= decrease HR/BP |
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Term
| What does Beta 2 agonist do? Beta 2 antagonist? |
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Definition
Beta 2 Agonist= broncho-dilation
Beta 2 Antagonist= broncho-constriction (bad!) |
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Term
| What does an Alpha 1 Agonist do? |
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Definition
| Alpha 1 Agonist= Vasoconstriction of blood vessels |
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Term
| What are the pregnancy categories and what do they mean? |
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Definition
| A, B, C, D, X- A is safe, C is risks outweigh benefits, X is teratogenic effects |
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Term
|
Definition
Benadryl (diphenhydramine)= sedating
loratidine (Claritin)= non-sedating |
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Term
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Definition
epinephrine (Epipen) (B1, B2 agonist) --> HR/BP increase & bronchodilation
norepinephrine (Levophed) (B1 agonist ONLY)
Side Effects: Increase HR/BP; do NOT give cardiac pt's |
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Term
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Definition
Steroids: -"sone" or -"olone"
prednisolone (Prelone)
prednisone (Deltasone)
methyl prednisolone
hydrocortisone sodium succinate
-Suppresses inflammation/immune system
SE: Increase blood glucose, moon face, buffalo hump, striae, bone loss |
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Term
| Transplant Rejection Drug |
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Definition
azathioprine (Immuran)
SE's: neutropenia (low WBCs), thrombocytopenia (low PLTs) --> watch H/H, WBCs, PLTs |
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Term
| Penicillins/Cephalosporins |
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Definition
"Cef" or "Ceph"
penicillin VK
amoxicillin (Amoxil)
ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
cefazolin (Ancef)
Caution: ALLERGY to Penicillin! |
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Term
|
Definition
"-floxin" For Resp infections
ciprofloxin (Cipro)
levofloxin (Levaquin)
ofloxacin (Floxin)
SE's: cartilage/tendon problems= NOT for children! |
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Term
|
Definition
"-mycin" Good alternative for Penicillin allergy*
erythromycin
azithromycin
SE's: GI upset- take w/food |
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Term
|
Definition
"Big Gun" for MRSA/C. Diff
Give vanco SLOWLY
SE's: Nephrotoxic/ ototoxic***
"Red Man Syndrome"= flushed,red skin (release of histamines) |
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Term
|
Definition
NOT Gentle!***
SE's: Nephrotoxic/Ototoxic
*Monitor BUN/Creatinine/ peak&trough |
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Term
|
Definition
"-cycline"
doxycycline (Vibramycin)
tetracycline
SE's: Discoloration of teeth in children*
*DONT take with dairy/antacids/iron |
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Term
|
Definition
"-sulfa" = SUN Used for everything--> UTI's...
sulfamethoxazole (Septra, Bactrim)
sulfasalazine (good for inflam. bowel disease)
SE's: Photosensitivity* (sunscreen/cover), rashes, crystalluria (drink lots of water) |
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Term
|
Definition
isonazid (INH)
rifampin (Rifadin) --> turns urine orange
streptomycin
SE's: Hepatotoxicity* (monitor AST/ALT) |
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Term
|
Definition
Used in Gynec. infections
metronidazole (Flagyl)
*Do NOT take with ALCOHOL --> forceful vomiting! |
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Term
|
Definition
"-azole"
ketoconazole
fluconazole
Amphotericin B ("terrible to kidneys*)
SE's: Nephrotoxic* |
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Term
|
Definition
"-dine" or "-vir"
(AZT) zidovudine
SE's: decrease WBC, anemia, peripheral neuropathy (tingling fingers)
delavirdine (Rescriptor)
saquinavir (Invirase)
SE's: N/V, headache, resistance develops QUICKLY |
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Term
|
Definition
Affect Rapidly dividing cells, but not specific
For cancer, RA, Chron's, Inflam. bowel dis., Lupus, ulcerative colitis
cyclophosphamide
cisplatin --> peripheral neuropathy*
vincristine --> causes little toxicity in bone marrow (used
in Peds)*
vinblastine
dactinomycin
doxorubicin (adriamycin) --> cardiotoxicity* (it's red=
RED DEATH)
methotrexate --> watch kidneys* (also for autoimmune)
SE's: -Neutropenia (decrease WBCs) --> infection
-Thrombocytopenia (decrease PLTs) -->bleeding
-Anemia (decrease iron) -->tiredness |
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Term
|
Definition
Pain/fever, NOT inflammation
SE's: Liver toxicity* No more than 4 grams/24 hrs |
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Term
|
Definition
For pain and inflammation
SE's: GI bleeding, Reye's Syndrome (DONT use with children*), tinnitus |
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Term
|
Definition
Pain, fever, inflammation
SE's: GI/Renal consideration |
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Term
|
Definition
Pain
codeine
morphine
Meperidine (Demerol)-->seizures
hydrocodone
oxycodone
hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
fentanyl
methadone
SE's: Respiratory depression**, constipation |
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Term
| Opioid-Non-Opioid Analgesics |
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Definition
codeine+aspirin= Emprin
hydrocodone+acetaminophen= Vicodin
oxycodone+aspirin= Percodan
oxycodone+acetaminophen= Percocet |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Block acetylcholine (ACTH, when we are @ rest=wet secretions, bowel/bladder in use)
benztropine mesylate (Cogentin) --> Parkinson's
SE's: dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision, confusion |
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Term
|
Definition
atropine (isopto atropine)= eye drops--> helps dry up secretions/dilate pupils (contraindicated in glaucoma-too much swelling)
DO NOT GET THESE TWO CONFUSED!
pilocarpine hydrochloride (Isopto carpine)--> reduces intra-occular pressure by constricting pupil (used in glaucoma) |
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Term
|
Definition
phenobarbitol --> sedation/slurred speech
Phentytoin (Dilantin) --> mood change
Valproic Acid (Depakene) -->gingiva hyperplasia (needs
good mouthcare)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
SE's: DONT use in pregnancy (Cat. D), watch serum levels |
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Term
|
Definition
levothyroxine (Synthroid)
Monitor TSH levels, educate pt it takes 28 days to act |
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Term
|
Definition
methimazole (Tapazole)
(PTU) propylthiouricil --> can be given in pregnancy
SE's: causes decrease in WBCs --> fever, achy bones, sore throat |
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Term
|
Definition
Helps prevent further breakdown of bone
calcitonin (Calcimar)-->watch salmon allergy; nasal spray
alendronate (Fosamax)-->give w/full glass H2O, 1/2 hr before meals, have pt wait 1/2 hr to lie down (can cause esophageal erosion) |
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Term
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Definition
Deliver @ same time as meal!
Lispro-->most rapid (5 min)
Humulin R--> Regular insulin (30 min)
Humulin N--> NPH
Lantus (Glargine)--> peakless, lasts 24 hrs, clear, cant
mix with other insulins
Ultralente (Humulin U)--> really long acting
70/30 Human Insulin--> 70% NPH/ 30% Regular
Regular=Clear
NPH=Cloudy
*Always draw up clear before cloudy!!! |
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Term
|
Definition
Sulfonylureas: glipizide (Glucotrol)--> if allergic to sulfa drugs=caution* (Stimulates cells to produce insulin)
Biguanides: metformin (Glucophage)-->hepatic caution*, MUST D/C before radiographic dye studies** (increase insulin sensitivity)
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: acarbose (Precose)-->SE's: flatulence, pain, diarrhea (helps digest carbs)
"-glitazine" Thiazolidinediones: rosiglitazine (Avandia)--> monitor liver fx* (increases insulin sensitivity) |
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Term
|
Definition
Heparin=PTT
Warfarin (Coumadin)= PT/INR; (Vit. K=antidote); oral NOT sq
Consider: Avoid foods w/Vit. K: leafy greens, bean, fish, milk, yogurt
Low-Molecular Weight Heparins= NOT monitored with PTT
Dalteparin
Enoxaparin |
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Term
|
Definition
Prolong bleeding time
Aspirin
persantine (dipyridamole
ticlopidine (Ticlid)
SE's: petechiae/ecchymosis (bruising) |
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Term
|
Definition
"loop"= Lasix
furosamide (Lasix)
SE's: hypotension
Electrolytes lost*: K+, Na+, H2O, Cl-, Ca+, Mg+ |
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Term
|
Definition
"-thiazide"
hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Given PO
Less potent
Spares Mg+ & Ca+ |
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Term
|
Definition
"spare"= "spir-"
spironolactone (Aldactone)
Weak diuretic, check lytes |
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Term
|
Definition
Tx of cerebral edema
Mannitol
should be CLEAR |
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Term
| Antihypertensives- Ace-Inhibitors |
|
Definition
"-prils"
Used in HTN, RF, CHF, diabetics
captopril (capoten)
lisinopril (Prinavil)
ramipril (Altace)
SE's: hypotension*, persistant cough, K+ retention |
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Term
|
Definition
losartan (Cozaar)
SE's: hypotension, K+ retention, but NO cough! |
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Term
| Antihypertensives- Beta-Blockers |
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Definition
"-olol's"
For Acute MI, CHF, HTN--> blocks B1
atenolol (tenromin)
propanolol (Inderal)
metoprolol (Lopressor) (Beta-1 cardio-selective)
SE's: Decreased BP, decreased HR
BAD for asthmatic pt's/COPD pt's |
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Term
| Antihypertensives- Ca+ Channel Blockers |
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Definition
"-pine" (but not all!)
Used in angina, HTN, coronary spasm--> blocks AV/SA node; increases arterial dilation
nifedipine (Adalat)
amlodipine (Norvasc)
benzothiazepine (Cardizem)
Verapamil** (doesn't end in "-pine"!!!)
SE's: headache/dizzy |
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Term
|
Definition
Used for CHF, A-fib (increases Ca+ in cell --> enhanced contraction)
Digoxin (lanoxin)
*Take pt pulse, if <60, hold drug!!***
Dig toxicity S/S: abd. pain, drowsy, fatigue, N/V, decreased HR
**Pt needs good potassium--> if K+ <3.5 can lead to dig toxicity!!!*** |
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Term
| Antihypertensives- Nitrites |
|
Definition
For angina, CHF, MI, HTN ( decreases preload/afterload)
nitroglycerine
*Do vitals Q5 min.
Can give 3 SL's Q5min |
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Term
|
Definition
| Chronic Bronchitis/Emphysema |
|
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Term
| What are the goals of tx in asthma and COPD? |
|
Definition
Asthma= manage inflammation
COPD= maintenance meds |
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Term
|
Definition
albuterol (Ventolin)
SE's: increased HR, tremor, palpitations, N/V
*Careful with cardiac pt's!! |
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Term
| Anticholinergics/Anti-inflammatories- Respiratory |
|
Definition
Anticholinergics:
For maintenance of COPD
ipatropium bromide (Atrovent)
SE's: nervous, dizzy, mild anticholinergic
Anti-inflam.: Glucocorticoids
Maintenance of COPD
hydrocortisone sodium succinate (Solumedrol)- IV
triamcinolone acetonide (Azmacort) |
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Term
| What do you give first for respiratory pt's? |
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Definition
| Beta-2 agonist first (albuterol), then steroid (then rinse mouth!*) |
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Term
|
Definition
For COPD (relaxes smooth muscle)
theophylline (Theo-Dar)
"3 T's"= tachycardia, tremor, toxicity --> so monitor blood levels!!! |
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Term
|
Definition
"-tadine"
Decrease heartburn, reflux, ulcers
cimetadine (Tagamet)
ranitidine (Zantac)
*Watch LIVER*** |
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Term
|
Definition
For ulcers, reflux
omeprazole (Prilosec) |
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Term
|
Definition
Coat stomach
*Caution: Too much--> Ca+= alkalosis |
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Term
|
Definition
Bulk-forming= Metamucil (drink w/glass of H2O)
Stimulant= Senokot, Cascara, Exlax
Soften= Colace, docusate sodium |
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Term
|
Definition
prochlorperazine (Compazine)
dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
metoclopramide (Reglan)
SE's: Varied Sedation |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Lactulose
Removes ammonia to prevent hepatic encephalopathy
SE: anticipate loose stools! |
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Term
|
Definition
Need Ca+/Vit. D supplement
Phos. Lo= binds phosphorus (they have too much phosphorus, too little Ca+
Epoetin alpha (Epo)= stimlates erythropoeitin --> stimulates RBC production |
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Term
|
Definition
loperamide (Imodium)
SE: Sedation |
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Term
|
Definition
"-statin"
atorvastatin (Lipitor)
pravastatin (Pravachol)
Consider: Monito liver fx tests**, myopathy (muscle aches), CK (creatinine kinase)--> will be high if they're breaking down muscle-->rhabdomyolosis |
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Term
|
Definition
NOT for packing wounds**! Only for cleaning them! Do NOT contact healthy tissue
Hydrogen Peroxide
Chlorhexidine (Hibiclens)
Dakins Solution |
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