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| first perosn to conceive of the idea of CLs. In 1508 he drew sketches showing aman's face immerse in a glass bowl of water: this describes the theory of corneal replacement and neutralization of corneal irregularites by a fluid lens (basis of CL correction). |
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| 1637 -- drew sketches of a elongated tube filled with water (hydrodiascope) which was placed against the eyeball. Considered by some to be a demonstaration of the neutralization of the cornea (debated, could be what led to the telescope) |
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| 1801 --- did research related to accommodation and the cornea. He tried to prove that the cornea had no role in accommodation. |
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| 1823 -- developed a theory the described the concept of CLs, based on the work of Young and G.B. Airy. His theories factored in |
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| 1854 -- invented ophthalmometer: increased understanding of astigmatism in the eye. |
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| 1886 -- developed idea of the therapeutic bandage lens. |
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| Wiesbaden lens by F.A. Muller |
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| 1886--A thin protective shell of clear blwn class used to protect a patient's eye. No optics built in, as they were designed for protection only. |
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| 1888 -- work on "eine contacbille"(contact spectacle). Made CL for rabbits, then people with irregular corneas. These patients received some visual improvement from the lenses.. |
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| 1880's -- developed CLs for keratoconus. Developed technique and used shells designed from the K curvatures he measured with the ophthalmometer |
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| 1880's -- developing CLs.Used a lens to correct his 14 diopters of myopia. Developed mold of eyes. Muller was the first to note that the tear meniscus has a metabolic function. |
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| Made a set of diagnostic lenses. 21 lenses with varying corneal and scleral curvatures |
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| made shells from blown glass. More comforatable, but worse optics that Zeiss lenses. |
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| refined molding techniques, added limal curve to improve tear curculation, and fenestrated lenses. |
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| 1930s/1940s -- Debated to be one of the first to use PMMA lenses. Produced PMMA copies of Zeiss glass lenses and fit them on Theodore Obrig's patients. |
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| 1938 -- started making PMMA lenses, debated to be the first to make PMMA lenses (him v Mullen) |
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| 1930s/1940s -- helped pioneer PMMA lenses. Also pioneered the use of fluorescein and UV light in evaluating fit. |
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| Advantages of PMMA over glass |
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- it can be molded or lathe cut
- it can be modified
- it rarely cracks or crazes
- it is difficult to break
- it can be tinted
- it can be cleaned and disinfected
- it is easier to manufacter
- Biggest disadvantage (of both): it is not gas permeable
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| 1940s -- invented corneal lenses, patented in 1948 |
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| worked on developing RGPs in the 1970s. By the 1980's many RGP materials gained approval. Most common ones used today: are silicon acrylates and fluoro/silicone actylates. |
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| Been around since the 1950's. Aspheric thecnology continues to evolve even today. |
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Feinbloom created first MF lens in 1938 (never marketed)
1950's DeCarle and Wesley both released bifocal lenses.
1980's soft bifocal lenses became available (B&L, Wesley-Jessen, Ciba), designs continue to improve. |
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invented soft lenses. Patent granted in 1961 for making HEMA material lenses.
B&L bought rights to soft lenses in 1966, and had FDA approval by 1971 |
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Patent granted to Walter Becker in 1956.
Silicone lenses have high permeability, stability, flexibility, and durability, but they are hydrophobic. |
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1990's, but first approval received by J&J in 1988.
in 1994 the first one-day lenses were released. |
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