Shared Flashcard Set

Details

NCCT
Review and vocab
250
Medical
Undergraduate 1
12/15/2011

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
before
Definition
The prefix ante refers to _____
Term
after
Definition
Post refers to ____
Term
first
Definition
The prefix prim indicates ____
Term
enlarged
Definition
Megalo means ____
Term
without or lacking
Definition
An or a refers to ____
Term
water or fluid
Definition
Hydro refers to ____
Term
lateral
Definition
Which of the following means pertaining to the side?
Term
behind
Definition
Posterior means ____
Term
dilatation
Definition
The suffix ecstasis refers to ____
Term
inflammation
Definition
The word ending in itis means ____
Term
flow or discharge
Definition
The suffix rrhea indicates _____
Term
growth or development
Definition
Trophic refers to ____
Term
epithelial
Definition
Tissue lining the inside surface of an organ is ____
Term
occlusion
Definition
Abnormal closure of a passageway such as a blood vessel is ____
Term
entero
Definition
The term used when pertaining to the small intestine is ____
Term
septum
Definition
Wall dividing two cavities, such as the chambers of the heart is called ____
Term
meninges
Definition
The membranous sheaths that envelopes the brain and spinal cord are the ____
Term
thrombus
Definition
A stationary blood clot in a vessel is a _____
Term
osteomyelitis
Definition
Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow is called _____
Term
lungs
Definition
Pulmonic and pulmonary refer to the ____
Term
metastatic
Definition
Cancer that has spread from one place to another within the body is called ____
Term
oncology
Definition
The study of tumors is called ____
Term
cancellous bone
Definition
Which of the following terms refers to the spongy tissue found in the epiphyseal portion of long bone?
Term
hemothorax
Definition
Bloody fluid in the pleural cavity is referred to as a ____
Term
joint
Definition
Which of the following terms refers to a point of junction between two bones?
Term
sutures
Definition
Which of the following terms refers to the lines of union of cranial bones by a thin fibrous membrane that eventually disappear?
Term
hypoxia
Definition
An increase in CO2 and decrease in O2 in the body as a result of some interference with respirations is called ____
Term
atrophy
Definition
A wasting or a decrease in size of an organ of tissue is ____
Term
hydrocele
Definition
An enlarged, fluid-filled sac within the scrotum is termed a ____
Term
nephrotomy
Definition
An incision into the kidney is called ____
Term
anterior
Definition
Which directional word refers to the front of the body or body parts?
Term
superior
Definition
Which positional word conveys the idea of being above or over another region?
Term
sagittal
Definition
The ____plane divides the body into left and right halves.
Term
arm
Definition
The brachial, cubital, and carpal regions are located in the ____
Term
knee
Definition
The popliteal region is located at the back of the ____
Term
perineal
Definition
The region between the anus and the pubic arch is termed ____
Term
diaphragm
Definition
The thorax and abdomen are divided by the _____
Term
neck
Definition
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is located in the ____
Term
mouth and rectum
Definition
Which are the extreme starting and ending points of the digestive system?
Term
between
Definition
The humerus is ____the clavicle and the wrist
Term
endocrine
Definition
The pituitary, adrenal, thyroid and other ductless glands are components of the ____system
Term
cilia
Definition
Tiny hair-like organelles within the respiratory region are called ____
Term
four
Definition
How many pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the left atrium?
Term
right atrium and the right ventricle
Definition
The tricuspid valve is located between the ____
Term
126
Definition
The appendicular skeleton is composed of how many bones?
Term
it is a soft spongelike material
Definition
Which one of the following statements is true concerning the characteristics of bone marrow?
Term
marrow
Definition
The deepest anatomical part of the bone is the ____
Term
above
Definition
The thoracic valve is ____the lumbar vertebrae
Term
minute
Definition
Normal respirations occur approximately 12-20 times per ____
Term
head
Definition
The sphenoid, ethmoid and parietal bones are located in the ____
Term
filters
Definition
Lymph nodes serve as ____
Term
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral
Definition
Which choice shows the correct order of vertebrae from upper to lower back?
Term
foot
Definition
The calcaneus, metatarsals, and phalanges are located within the ____
Term
upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity in back of the stomach
Definition
The spleen is located in the ____
Term
contains reflex centers
Definition
Which is not a function of the cerebrum?
Term
20 seconds
Definition
The more permanent blood clot begins to form within about ____of a serious injury
Term
heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nodes
Definition
Organs of the circulatory system include ____
Term
60%
Definition
Liquids make up ____of the total body composition
Term
protection against injury, prevents dehydration, maintains constant body temperature
Definition
Functions of the skin are:
Term
cells, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
Definition
The major types of body structures ranging from simplest to most complex are _____
Term
antisepsis
Definition
The prevention or inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms is called ____
Term
disinfection
Definition
The process by which most but not all pathogenic microorganisms on inanimate objects are destroyed is called _____
Term
anesthesia equipment
Definition
Critical items in surgery are those that must be sterile. Which of the following does not fit that category?
Term
processing through a washer-sterilizer, autoclave, trisodium phosphate and water in a metal basin
Definition
Which of the following ways are approved for decontamination of surgical supplies and equipment?
Term
aseptic technique
Definition
Methods and practices that prevent cross-contamination during surgery are called ____
Term
strikethrough contamination
Definition
When water comes in contact with a sterile surface ____occurs
Term
use the prescribed drying method with a sterile towel
Definition
After the sterile scrub, the next procedure is to ____
Term
supplement body's natural defenses with specific drugs such as antibiotics
Definition
for treatment of acute inflammation, one would _____
Term
phagocytosis
Definition
The process of protecting the body from infection through digesting bacteria is known as ____
Term
only at the table height
Definition
Sterile tables are considered sterile ____
Term
dust can carry pathogens, turbulence may move bacteria into the sterile area
Definition
Movement is kept to a minimum during surgery because ____
Term
bacteria
Definition
Spores, capsules, and flagella are types of ____
Term
disease-causing microorganisms
Definition
A pathogen is a _____
Term
unicellular, reproduce by fission
Definition
Which of the following are characteristics of protozoa?
Term
sputum
Definition
Which of the following is not a portal of entry for microorganisms?
Term
skin
Definition
Which of he following is not a pathway for a microorganism to exit the body?
Term
thromboplastin
Definition
When cells are injured, platelets release ____
Term
intestine
Definition
Escherichia coli is normally found in the _____
Term
the same as
Definition
Bacteria that flourish within the human body generally prefer a temperature that is ____the human body
Term
nosocomial
Definition
An infection acquired in the hospital is called ____
Term
staphylococcus aureus
Definition
The pathogen that causes most post-operative infections is ____
Term
block
Definition
Interferons ____ the effect of the virus
Term
desiccation
Definition
The process of drying or to cause tissue destruction by drying is _____
Term
escherichia coli
Definition
Gastroenteritis is caused by _____
Term
bordetella pertussis
Definition
Whooping cough is caused by _____
Term
endotoxin
Definition
A bacterial by product that is released after the organisms has died is called a ____
Term
viscerotropic
Definition
Viral hepatitis is a common ____virus
Term
mixed
Definition
An infection caused by more than one organism is referred to as _____
Term
saliva
Definition
Rabies is a disease transmitted primarily through _____
Term
blood
Definition
Serum hepatitis is transmitted through _____
Term
anticoagulant
Definition
A drug that prolongs blood clotting time is called ____
Term
corticosteroids
Definition
A group of drugs that are used in surgery to reduce inflammation are ____
Term
postoperative
Definition
Analgesics are normally used in the ____period
Term
dye solutions
Definition
Which of the following would not be on a crash cart?
Term
anaphylaxis
Definition
A life threatening, acute allergic reaction in which cells release histamine-like substances is called _____
Term
portable x ray equipment
Definition
Which of the following equipment would probably not be included on a crash cart?
Term
never
Definition
Thrombin is ____ injected
Term
contrast media
Definition
Omnipaque, Renografin, and Cystografin are examples of ____
Term
never
Definition
O.R. Techs ____administer drugs to patients
Term
the O.R. Tech and the circulating nurse
Definition
It is the responsibility of ____to make certain that the correct drug, correct amout and correct strength is administered
Term
United States Pharmacopeia
Definition
A common source of information about drugs would be ____
Term
vasodilator
Definition
A ____dilates blood vessels
Term
norepinephrine
Definition
A medication to restore blood pressure in acute hypotensive states is ____
Term
systemic
Definition
A drug that effects the whole body is referred to as ____
Term
Heparin
Definition
____is used intravenously or as an irrigant, and is the most common anticoagulant used
Term
label each to prevent confusion
Definition
If two or more syringes are of the same type, but contain different solutions, what is the appropriate action?
Term
hospital policy and procedure
Definition
Disposal of used needles is regulated according to ____
Term
1000
Definition
One (1) gram= ___milligrams
Term
2.2
Definition
One (1) kilogram=_____pounds
Term
calcium chloride
Definition
the medication that increases myocardial tone and opposes the effect of potassium is _____
Term
epinephrine
Definition
A short acting cardiac stimulant is ____
Term
anesthetics
Definition
Xylocaine, Novocaine, Ophthcaine and Pontocaine are examples of which of the following drugs?
Term
vasoconstrictors
Definition
Which of the following is used to prolong duration of local anesthetic and to decrease bleeding?
Term
Xylocaine
Definition
Which anesthetic would be used for a digital nerve block?
Term
topically
Definition
A patient is scheduled to undergo a septoplasty and the operating surgeon has requested 4% cocaine. Which of the following statements best describe the administration route for this drug?
Term
Lidocaine 1%
Definition
What drug is given to treat ventricular dysrhythmias?
Term
side effects
Definition
Demerol is more commonly used than morphine, because it produces less ____
Term
contrast medium
Definition
____is a dye that is introduced into the body cavity in order to become visible to x-ray observation
Term
thyroid extract
Definition
Which of the following is not a synthetic drug?
Term
steroids
Definition
Celestone, hexadrol, solu-cortef and kenalog-40, are examples of ____that are used in surgery
Term
cost
Definition
The Material Safety Data Sheet on each chemical would typically include all but which of the following?
Term
HIV and Hepatitis B virus
Definition
OSHA regulates standards for the prevention of ____
Term
toxic substances
Definition
OSHA enforces the level of ____permissible in the work environment
Term
exposure limits
Definition
OSHA controls ____for Isopropyl alcohol, Phenol, and Sodium hypochlorite
Term
food may not be stored in the same refrigerator with blood or specimens
Definition
Which of the following is standard for the control of biohazards?
Term
EO gas can cause burns to the skin, of irritation to the mucous membranes
Definition
OSHA limits the percentage of ethylene oxide gas because ____
Term
fuel, heat and oxygen
Definition
The components of a fire include ____
Term
extinguished
Definition
With the removal of any one component, a fire will be ____
Term
disconnect the equipment
Definition
When performing maintenance tasks on electrical equipment, first _____
Term
class B & C
Definition
Dry chemicals are used on ____fires
Term
fleshy area of skin
Definition
A patient grounding pad is placed on a ____
Term
orange
Definition
Cyclopropane is always stored in a ____cylinder
Term
black
Definition
Nitrogen is always stored in a ____cyclinder
Term
5'
Definition
If the O.R. does not have explosion-proof electrical outlets, the outlets must be ____off the floor
Term
cotton
Definition
Blankets in the operating room should be made of ____
Term
immediately stop using it
Definition
If a piece of equipment becomes damaged, you should ____
Term
2"
Definition
The most explosive area in the O.R. is that within a ____radius around the patient's face mask
Term
an unlabeled bottle or container may be used if you recognize the fluid
Definition
All but one of the following precautions should be followed when working with disinfectants except ____
Term
frequently
Definition
Head covers, masks and shoes should be changed
Term
throw your mask away and get a new one
Definition
After a case is over, you should _____
Term
grounding
Definition
Making an electrical connection with the earth is called _____
Term
Class B
Definition
To which category do gasoline fires belong?
Term
electric shock
Definition
Sudden stimulation of the nerves and convulsive contraction of the muscles caused by the discharge of electricity through the body is ____
Term
conductor
Definition
A medium that allows for the transmission of electricity is a ______
Term
out patient laboratory
Definition
Which item below would not be desirable to place in the general location of the operating room suite?
Term
separation of clean areas from contaminated areas
Definition
Which factors might architects consider when planning the layout of an OR suite?
Term
restricted
Definition
Surgical masks are required in which of the following areas within the surgical suite?
Term
child care
Definition
Same-day procedure units provide all of the following with the exception of ______
Term
protection from distressing sights and sounds
Definition
Which is an important consideration for patients in the preoperative holding area?
Term
Definition
Which support services is not located near the operating suite?
Term
directly below, directly above, immediately adjacent
Definition
Ideally, the central processing area is located ____the surgical suite
Term
68-75 degrees
Definition
What is the recommended range for room temperature in the operating room?
Term
able to change field of light size
Definition
Which conditions below is not desirable in terms of lighting for the OR?
Term
staff diversion
Definition
Which of the following would not be a use for computers in the OR?
Term
a wide stance
Definition
Which position is better to avoid fatigue during long periods in the OR?
Term
surgeon
Definition
The operating table is adjusted to the most convenient height for the _____
Term
pull patient tables
Definition
Which is not a procedure for minimizing injury to the Tech in surgery while moving a patient?
Term
grounding
Definition
____is necessary for safety and prevention of stray electrical current
Term
elastic tapes, latex gloves
Definition
Which is not a possible alternative for the latex-sensitive patient?
Term
analgesic
Definition
A drug that relieves pain without producing loss of consciousness is _____
Term
induction
Definition
The period from beginning of administration of anesthetic until the patient loses consciousness is called _____
Term
sedative
Definition
A drug that suppresses nervous excitement is called ____
Term
convenience for the surgeon
Definition
Which of the following is not a concern when choosing the appropriate anesthesia for a particular patient?
Term
antimuscarinics
Definition
Which is not a type of anesthesia?
Term
restrain patient movement
Definition
What is a reasonable action for the nursing staff during the loss of consciousness phase of general anesthesia?
Term
muscle relation is unimportant and rapid induction and recovery are desired
Definition
Nitrous oxide is a logical choice of anesthesia when ____
Term
shivering, vomiting, restlessness
Definition
Which are common possibilities during emergence from general anesthesia?
Term
hypothermia
Definition
Deliberate lowering of the body temperature is called_____
Term
a registered nurse, O.R. Technician, licensed vocation nurse
Definition
The member of the surgical team who is responsible for sterile supplies and equipment while within the sterile field may be ____
Term
handle non-sterile items
Definition
Which function would not be one of the sterile team members?
Term
anesthesiologist
Definition
Who is not a member of the sterile team?
Term
second assistant to the surgeon
Definition
Who is not a member of the unsterile surgical team?
Term
selects drugs for the procedure
Definition
Which of the following is not a possible job responsibility of the O.R. Technician as a scrub person?
Term
sitting
Definition
Fowler position is ____
Term
iliac crest
Definition
All but one of the areas below need to be padded for supine position, except for ____
Term
always shake or fan drapes
Definition
All of the following are draping rules except ____
Term
squaring off
Definition
Four towels are placed around the immediate surgical site, this is called _____
Term
povidone iodine
Definition
The most commonly used prep solution is _____
Term
2 hours
Definition
The surgical shave should occur no more than ____prior to the procedure
Term
replaces irrigation bottles as they empty and notes the number of bottles used
Definition
Which of the following is not a duty of the Tech in surgery during and after a cytoscopy?
Term
flammable antiseptic should be used for skin preparation
Definition
Which of the following is false when considering patient safety precautions when using lasers?
Term
walls and ceilings should have reflective surfaces
Definition
Which of the following is false when considering environmental safety precautions when using lasers?
Term
silk
Definition
The material used to tie off blood vessels is ____
Term
laparoscope
Definition
A scope used for visualization of the peritoneal cavity through the anterior abdominal cavity wall requiring a small incision, is called ____
Term
proctoscope
Definition
A scope used for direct visualization of the rectum is _____
Term
laryngoscope
Definition
A scope used for direct visualization of the interior of the larynx is ____
Term
choledochoscope
Definition
A scope used for visualization of the common bile duct is ____
Term
the patient should not be kept informed as the procedure progressed due to increasing stress on the patient
Definition
Which of the following is a false statement concerning common features of angiographic procedures?
Term
percutaneous puncture
Definition
Which of the following means the direction and depth of needle punctures through the skin to locate lesions in various organs or structures, or injection of a substance into or out of an organ or structure, is ____
Term
lumbar puncture
Definition
A needle puncture is made into the subarachnoid space usually between the 3rd and 4th or the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae performed for the purpose of ____
Term
50-55%
Definition
The humidity in the O.R. id ideally controlled at ____
Term
gastroscope
Definition
Which endoscope is used for direct visualization of the esophagus and cardia of the stomach?
Term
cinematoradiogram
Definition
X-rays of an organ in motion is ____
Term
cystoscope
Definition
Which endoscope is used for visualization of the urinary bladder?
Term
incompetence
Definition
Being inadequate to perform is called ____
Term
prophylactic
Definition
To prevent the occurrence of a disease or illness is ____intervention
Term
armboard
Definition
What supply is most commonly used to support the arm when giving intravenous infusions?
Term
attitude of caring
Definition
surgical conscience is based upon _____
Term
have fewer nutritional requirements compared to adults
Definition
Which of the following statements is not true regarding special considerations in caring for the pediatric patient?
Term
anxiety
Definition
A preoperative visit by the anesthesiologist often reduces the patients ______
Term
apprehension
Definition
A desirable preoperative medication will decrease the patients _____
Term
anesthesiologist
Definition
The ____will order the patients preoperative medications
Term
routinely
Definition
Jewelry and prosthetic devices are ____removed from the patient
Term
preoperative holding area
Definition
The designated room or area where patients wait prior to being admitted to the operating room is the ____
Term
registered nurse, tech in surgery, anesthesia provider
Definition
Which of the below is expected to act as the patient's advocate during a surgical procedure?
Term
electrocardiogram
Definition
A record of the electrical activity of the heart is ______
Term
aging patients are very resistant to infection, therefore, strict aseptic technique isn't necessary
Definition
Which of the following statements is not true regarding special considerations in caring for aging patients?
Term
pentothal
Definition
An example of a non-flammable anesthetic is____
Term
into the subarachnoid space
Definition
A spinal anesthetic is injected_____
Term
tetracaine
Definition
A common anesthetic for eye surgery is ____
Term
anesthesiologist
Definition
A physician who specializes in the branch of medical science concerned with drugs that produce the absence of sensation is referred to as ____
Term
CRNA
Definition
A registered nurse who has taken a two year course in the administration of anesthesia, administers anesthetics and works under the supervision of the anesthesiologist defines the position of ____
Term
flaccid
Definition
Muscles that lack vigor or firmness are referred to as ____
Term
surgeon
Definition
Which person has the ultimate responsibility for obtaining the signed consent?
Term
krypton
Definition
A laser that operates in the visible spectrum emitting a green beam which is strongly absorbed by hemoglobin and melanin is _____
Term
surgical specimen
Definition
Any tissue, fluid or foreign body removed from the patient during the procedure will be sent to pathology for verification and/or diagnosis is a ______
Term
to create a sterile field, to maintain a sterile field, to cover the patient and surrounding areas with sterile barriers
Definition
Which is/are the purpose of draping the patient?
Term
draw sheet
Definition
What is used to lift the body during transfer to a stretcher?
Term
Nd Yag
Definition
The most powerful coagulator of all surgical lasers capable of vaporizing large volumes of tissue is a _____
Term
the occurrence speaks for itself
Definition
Res ipsa loquitor means ______
Term
alcohols
Definition
_____ are flammable, therefore, they must be used in small quantities and must not be allowed to pool around or under patients especially when lasers or electrosurgical units are used
Term
ethics
Definition
A system of ideals is called _____
Term
cause damage to the peroneal nerve
Definition
the patients feet must not be crossed since it would ____
Term
within
Definition
Movements of joints must be gentle and ____their limited range of motion to avoid tissue damage
Term
slander
Definition
A spoken defamation of character is ____
Term
90 degrees
Definition
A void hyperextension of the arm no more than ____
Term
vagus
Definition
Nerve damage can occur to all but the ____nerve in patient positioning
Term
brachial
Definition
Extreme positions of he head and arm can cause injury to the ____plexus
Term
slowly
Definition
Patients who are already anesthetized must be positioned ____
Term
libel
Definition
A written defamation of character is ____
Term
anesthesia screen
Definition
What is used to hold drapes off the patients face and separates non-sterile area from sterile field?
Term
malpractice
Definition
Improper, careless of ignorant treatment is called ____
Term
Vesalius
Definition
The Chief founder of the Modern Study of Anatomy is ____
Term
Pare
Definition
The French surgeon who revives the use of ligatures is ____
Term
Giovanni Morgagni
Definition
The Founder of Pathologic Anatomy is ____
Term
Joseph Lister
Definition
The Father of Modern Antiseptic Surgery is ____
Term
William Halstead
Definition
The American surgeon that developed an interrupted silk-suture closure technique is ____
Term
bevel
Definition
Which of the following terms refers to a slant or incline that one surface makes with another when not at a right angle?
Term
calibrations
Definition
Which of the following terms refers to a set of gradations to indicate value?
Term
for aspiration of fluids
Definition
Which statement is true concerning the correct use for a syringe?
Term
all basic syringes are calibrated in cubic centimeters (cc)
Definition
What statement is true concerning the characteristics of syringes?
Term
it is available in various capacity sizes, the largest holds approximately 120 cc
Definition
Which of the following is true concerning an irrigating syringe that has a bulb with a barrel?
Term
it is a one piece bulb that tapers to a blunt end
Definition
Which statement is true concerning an irrigating syringe that has a bulb without a barrel?
Term
stockings
Definition
Components of the O.R. attire provided by the hospital include all of the following except ____
Term
halothane
Definition
Flammable anesthetics gases include all of the following, except_____
Term
electric shock, burns, inhalation of toxic substances
Definition
Which are possible hazards in the operating room?
Term
leave the fluoroscope on when not in use, reconcile each sponge and piece of equipment without x-ray, shield body areas from scatter radiation
Definition
Which is a safety concern in controlling radiation in the operating room?
Term
move as quickly as possible
Definition
All of the following except ____need to be done prior to transferring the patient
Term
myxedema
Definition
Hypersecretion of thyroxine in adults characterized by decreased metabolism, increased weight, hair loss, and thickening of the skin due to fluid accumulation is ____
Supporting users have an ad free experience!