Term
| Transport solution to prevent cell drying |
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Definition
| Transport or Maintenance Media |
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Term
| Why are the first 2-3 cc of amniotic fluid aspirated from the amniotic sac discarded? |
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Definition
| To guard against maternal cell contamination (MCC). |
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Term
| Which broad spectrum antibiotic has an inhibitory effect on mycoplasm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three biochemical markers used in the triple screen? |
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Definition
AFP=alphafetoprotein
uE3=unconjugated esteriol
hCG=human chorionic gonadotropin |
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Term
| How do the three biochemical markers used in the triple screen indicate Down syndrome and Edward Syndrome? |
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Definition
| AFP | uE3 | hCG | | Trisomy 18 | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | | Trisomy 21 | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ |
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Term
Most specimens can be transported without loss of viability at the following temperatures EXCEPT:
37°C
ambient temperature
slightly chilled
4°C in an ice water bath |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the anticoagulant of choice for collecting peripheral blood for chromosome studies? |
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Definition
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Term
| PHA-m stimulates what cell type? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the typical appearance of a CML specimen. |
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Definition
| Bloody, non-clotted 0.5-2.0mL fluid in sodium heparin. |
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Term
| List the B-Cell mitogens. |
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Definition
LPS (lipopolysaccharide)
Pokeweed
EBV (Epstein-Barr Virus)
TPA )12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate) |
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Term
| List the T-cell mitogens. |
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Definition
PHA-m (phytohemagglutinin)
IL-2 (Interleuken-2)
Concanavalin A
Pokeweed |
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Term
| Why are anticoagulants such as lithium heparin, EDTA, and sodium citrate not commonly used for cytogenetic studies? |
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Definition
| They are believed to be toxic to lymphocytes. |
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Term
| Why is an anticoagulant necessary for cytogenetic study? |
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Definition
| It prevents clotting at the time of collection. If blood clots are present in fluid tissues (blood, bone marrow, etc.), the fibrinogen will trap the cells inside the clot. Cells cannot be removed from the clot so they will not be usable for culturing. |
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Term
| What are the two types of circulating lymphocytes and for what are they used to study? |
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Definition
T-cells (thymus modified) are used to study constitutional cytogenetics.
B-cells (bone marrow modified) are used to study dysplastic disorders. |
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Term
| What are the most commonly used and least toxic antibiotics and fungicides? |
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Definition
Penicillin/Streptomycin (bacteria)
Gentamycin (bacteria and yeast)
Kanamycin (bacteria)
Fingizone, Mycostatin and Ampohtericin B (Fungi) |
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Term
| What is the ideal method of transportation for a cytogenetic sample? |
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Definition
Insulated to avoid extreme temperatures.
Maintenance at 37°C (ideal)
Fastest transport possible.
Aseptic conditions to prevent growth of microorganisms.
Moist environment. |
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Term
| Typical peripheral blood specimen. |
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Definition
| Non-clotted, non-hemolyzed, 1-10mL specimen collected with sodium heparin. |
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Term
| Typical amniotic fluid (AF) specimen. |
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Definition
| 15-30mL straw-colored, non-turbid fluid split between 2 or more tubes. |
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Term
| Typical Non-cancerous, non-prenatal solid tissue specimen. |
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Definition
Skin biopsy from 1-3mm punch or "sliver" of skin taken by blade should contain dermal layer and have been kept moist.
3-6mm moist organ biopsy.
Most contain viable cells that have not been exposed to a preservative. |
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Term
| Typical Bone marrow specimen |
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Definition
| Non-clotted, 0.5-2.0mL collected in sodium heparin. |
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Term
| Typical solid tumor specimen. |
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Definition
| Tumor specimen cells should have ben uniform in appearance and have been kept moist. |
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Term
| Typical chorionic villi specimen |
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Definition
| 5-25mg intact, well-formed, branching villi with visible veins and few to no adherent blood clots and some adherent maternal decidua. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anything from properly identified biopsy materials to entire contents of evacuated uterus. Be prepared to identify, separate and clean fetal tissues. |
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Term
| Typical ascites, pleural effusions, etc. specimen. |
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Definition
| Various volumes (5-100mL common) of aspirate, usually clear or light colored. |
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Term
| Upon receiving a sample and requisition form in the lab, what data must be checked before testing can be performed? |
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Definition
Patient Information: Full name, phenotypic sex, date of birth, pertinent clinical history (referring diagnosis); physician's name, insurance/billing information.
Labels checked from doctor's office/hospital against requisition form and insurance information.
Specimen Information: Date/Time of collection; amount received (# of tubes); container type; storage/transport conditions; date/time of receipt; evaluatin of quality of specimen.
Priority status: newborns/percutaneous umbilical blood specimens (PUBS) from fetuses w/ anomalies; prenatal specimens from gestations near the cut-off for termination; prenatal specimens w/ abnormalities seen on ultrasound or with seriously abnormal biochemical results; and some bone marrows (esp. pediatric cases). These cases are termed STAT. |
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