Term
| Rooting reflex (onset age, integration, stimulus, response, relevance) |
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Definition
28 weeks gestation to 3 months
stimulus: stroke corner of mouth, upper/lower lip
response: movement of tongue, mouth, and/or head toward stimulus
relevance: allow searching for and locating feeding source |
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Term
| Suck-swallow reflex (onset age, integration, stimulus, response, relevance) |
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Definition
28 weeks gestation to 2 to 5 months
stimulus: index finger inside infant's mouth with head in midline
response: strong, rhythmical sucking
relevance: allows ingestion of nourishment |
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Term
| Traction reflex (onset age, integration, stimulus, response, relevance) |
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Definition
28 weeks gestation to 2 to 5 months
stimulus: grasp infant's forearms and pull-to-sit
response: complete flexion of upper extremities
relevance: enhances momentar reflexive grasp |
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Term
| Moro reflex (onset age, integration, stimulus, response, relevance) |
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Definition
28 weeks gestation to 4 to 6 months
stimulus: rapidly drop infant's head backward
response:
1st phase = arm extension/ABduction, hand opening
2nd phase = arm flexion and ADDuction
relevance: facilitates ability to depart from dominant flexor posture; protective response |
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Term
| Plantar Grasp reflex (onset age, integration, stimulus, response, relevance) |
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Definition
28 weeks gestation to 9 months
stimulus: apply pressure with thumb on ball of infant's foot
response: toe flexion
relevance: increases tactile input to sole of foot |
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Term
| Galant reflex (onset age, integration, stimulus, response, relevance) |
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Definition
32 weeks gestation to 2 months
stimulus: hold infant in prone suspension, gently scratch or tap along spine with finger, from shoulder to buttocks
response: lateral trunk flexion and wrinkling of the skin on the stimulated side
relevance: faciliates lateral trunk movements necessary for trunk stabilization |
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Term
| Asymmetric tonic neck relfex (ATNR) (onset age, integration, stimulus, response, relevance) |
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Definition
37 weeks gestation to 4 to 6 months
stimulus: fully rotate infant's head and hold for 5 seconds
response: extension of extremities on the face side, flexion of extremities on skull side
relevance: promotes visual hand regard |
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Term
| Palmar grasp reflex (onset age, integration, stimulus, response, relevance) |
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Definition
37 weeks gestation to 4 to 6 months
stimulus: place examiners finger in infant's palm
response: finger flexion; reflexive grasp
relevance: increases tactile input on the palm of hand |
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Term
| Tonic labyrinthine - supine reflex (onset age, integration, stimulus, response, relevance) |
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Definition
>37 weeks gestation to 6 months
stimulus: place infant in supine
response: increased extensor tone
relevance: facilitates total-body extensor tone |
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Term
| Tonic labyrinthine - prone reflex (onset age, integration, stimulus, response, relevance) |
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Definition
>37 weeks gestation to 6 months
stimulus: place infant in prone
response: increased flexor tone
relevance: facilitates total-body flexor tone |
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Term
| Labyrinthine/optical (head) righting reflex (onset age, integration, stimulus, response, relevance) |
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Definition
birth to 2 months -- persists
stimulus: hold infant suspended vertically and tilt slowly (about 45degrees) to the side, forward, or backward
response: upright positioning of the head
relevance: orients head in space; maintains face vertical |
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Term
| Landau reflex (onset age, integration, stimulus, response, relevance) |
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Definition
3 to 4 months -- 12 to 24 months
stimulus: hold infant in horizontal prone suspension
response: complete extension of head, trunk, and extremities
relevance: breaks up flexor dominance; facilitates prone extension |
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Term
| Symmetric tonic neck reflex (onset age, integration, stimulus, response, relevance) |
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Definition
4 to 6 months -- 8 to 12 months
stimulus: place infant in the crawling position and extend the head
response: flexion of hips and knees
relevance: breaks up total extensor posture; facilitates static quadruped position |
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Term
| neck righting reflex (NOB) (onset age, integration, stimulus, response, relevance) |
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Definition
4 to 6 months -- 5 years
stimulus: place infant in supine and fully turn head to one side
response: log rolling of entire body to maintain alignment with the head
relevance: maintains head/body alignment; initiates rolling (first ambulation effort) |
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Term
| body righting reflex (BOB) (onset age, integration, stimulus, response, relevance) |
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Definition
4 to 6 months -- 5 years
stimulus: place infant in supine, flex one hip and knee toward the chest and hold briefly
response: segmental rolling of the upper trunk to maintain alignment
relevance: facilitates trunk/spinal rotation |
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Term
| Downward parachute reflex (onset age, integration, stimulus, response, relevance) |
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Definition
4 months -- persists
stimulus: rapidly lower infant toward supporting surface while suspended vertically
response: extension of LE
relevance: allows accurate placement of LE in anticipation of a surface |
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Term
| forward parachute reflex (onset age, integration, stimulus, response, relevance) |
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Definition
6 to 9 months -- persists
stimulus: suddenly tip infant forward toward supporting surface while vertically suspended
response: sudden extension of UE, hand opening, and neck extension
relevance: allows accurate placement of UE in anticipation of supporting surface to prevent a fall |
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Term
| backward parachute reflex (onset age, integration, stimulus, response, relevance) |
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Definition
9 to 10 months -- persists
stimulus: quickly but firmly tip infant off-balance backward
response: backward arm extension or arm extension to one side
relevance: protects body to prevent a fall; unilaterally facilitates spinal rotation |
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Term
| sideward parachute reflex (onset age, integration, stimulus, response, relevance) |
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Definition
7 months -- persists
stimulus: quickly but firmly tip infant off-balance to the side while in the sitting position
response: arm extension and ABduction to the side
relevance: protects body to prevent a fall; supports body for unilateral use of opposite arm |
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Term
| prone tilting reflex (onset age, integration, stimulus, response, relevance) |
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Definition
5 months -- persists
stimulus: after positioning infant in prone, slowly raise one side of the support surface
response: curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity); ABduction/extension of arms and legs
relevance: maintain equilibrium without arm support; facilitate posture adjustments in all positions |
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Term
| supine tilting and sitting tilting reflexes (onset age, integration, stimulus, response, relevance) |
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Definition
7 to 8 months -- persists
stimulus: after positioning infant in supine or sitting, slowly raise one side of supporting surface
response: curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity); ABduction/extension of arms and legs
relevance: maintain equilibrium without arm support; facilitate posture adjustments in all positions |
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Term
| quadruped tilting reflex (onset age, integration, stimulus, response, relevance) |
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Definition
9 to 12 months -- persists
stimulus: after positioning infant on all fours, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface.
response: curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity); ABduction/extension of arms and legs
relevance: maintain equilibrium without arm support; facilitate posture adjustments in all positions |
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Term
| standing tilting reflex (onset age, integration, stimulus, response, relevance) |
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Definition
12 to 21 months -- persists
stimulus: after positioning infant in standing, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface
response: curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity); ABduction/extension of arms and legs
relevance: maintain equilibrium without arm support; facilitate posture adjustments in all positions |
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