Term
| often associated with recent alcohol abuse or a stone in the ampulla of Vater; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with severe epigastric pain which radiates through to the back, Cullen and Grey Turner’s signs might be present; serum amylase and lipase are markedly elevated, CT scan will show the swollen __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| saccular or fusiform dilation below the renal arteries; caused by atherosclerosis; |
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Definition
| Aneurysm of the abdominal aorta: |
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Term
| often asymptomatic but may present with low back pain and a pulsatile midline mass in the abdomen above the umbilicus; abdominal x-ray may show curvilinear lines of calcification adjacent to the lumbar vertebrae, ultrasound will confirm the presence |
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Definition
| Aneurysm of the abdominal aorta: |
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Term
| might be caused by a fecalith obstructing the orifice of the appendix; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with periumbilical pain following by nausea, vomiting and fever, |
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Definition
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Term
| the pain radiates into the right iliac fossa, Rovsing’s, psoas or the obturator signs might be present; CT scan will confirm the diagnosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| acute inflammation of the gallbladder, seen more commonly in fair, fat, fertile females in their 40s, associated with gallstones; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with right upper quadrant pain which may radiate to the right infrascapular region, Murphy’s sign may be present, along with fever, nausea and vomiting; |
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Definition
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Term
| ultrasound will show the stones in the gallbladder more readily that plain x-ray of the abdomen. |
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Definition
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Term
| condition of the liver due to chronic damage by alcohol abuse or Hepatitis C infection; |
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Definition
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Term
| characterized by liver cell necrosis, fibrosis and regeneration nodules; presents with fatigue, jaundice, enlarged non-tender liver, ascites, gynecomastia and caput medusae; |
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Definition
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Term
| Liver Function Tests will show elevated liver enzymes [AST, ALT and Alkaline Phosphatase] and bilirubin, liver biopsy will confirm the diagnosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology; characterized by cobblestone appearance of the mucosa of the terminal ileum, skip lesions and non-caseous granulomas; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with recurrent right lower quadrant pain with diarrhea and fatigue; there might be a macrocytic normochromic anemia, endoscopy and biopsy will confirm the diagnosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| acute inflammation in the large intestine, associated with lack of fiber in the diet; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with lower left-sided abdominal pain with blood in the stool; barium enema or colonoscopy will confirm the diagnosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| most commonly seen in the fallopian tube; associated with previous gonorrhea or chlamydia infection; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with 6-8 weeks of amenorrhea followed by lower abdominal pain and vaginal spotting, Kehr’s sign may be present; abdominal ultrasound will confirm the diagnosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| acute inflammation of the peritoneum caused by rupture of the bowel or a ruptured ectopic pregnancy; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with severe generalized abdominal pain, fever and absent bowel sounds, Blumberg’s sign will be positive; x-ray will show distended loops of bowel with multiple air-fluid levels. |
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Definition
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Term
| acute or chronic inflammation of the liver often caused by viral infections; Hep A and E are spread by the orofecal route, Hep B and C are spread by contaminated blood or sex; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with fever, nausea, vomiting, jaundice and a tender swollen liver; liver enzymes and bilirubin will be elevated; serology will confirm the type of virus. |
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Definition
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Term
| blockage of the small or large bowel due to a mass inside the bowel or adhesions from previous surgery obstructing the bowel from outside; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with cramping abdominal pain, abdominal distension with hyperactive bowel sounds; x-ray of the abdomen will show distended loops of bowel with multiple air-fluid levels. |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with severe abdominal out of proportion to the abdominal findings-mild tenderness in the early stages, blood in the stool and shock may be a late manifestation; angiography is confirmatory. |
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Definition
| Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion: |
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Term
| chronic functional gut disorder of unknown etiology; presents with bouts of abdominal pain relieved by defecation along with diarrhea or constipation; there is no confirmatory test. |
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Definition
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome: |
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Term
| chronic disease of the kidney affecting more commonly the basement membrane, associated with diabetes mellitus and SLE; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with fatigue, bilateral ankle swelling, ascites Muehrcke’s lines [curved transverse lines on the nails]; urinalysis will show massive proteinuria >3.5 g/day, Hypoproteinemia and hypercholesterolemia, renal biopsy will confirm the diagnosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| inflammatory disease of the uterus, fallopian tubes and surrounding pelvic connective tissue; |
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Definition
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: |
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Term
| often caused by gonorrhea or chlamydia; presents with fever, lower abdominal pain, cervical motion tenderness and a mucopurulent cervical discharge. |
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Definition
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: |
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Term
| ulceration of either the stomach or the duodenum, associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, use of NSAIDs, smoking or alcohol; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with epigastric pain which is made worse with food [gastric ulcer] or better with food [duodenal ulcer], there might be melena if the ulcer bleeds; gastroscopy and biopsy will confirm the diagnosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| complication of cirrhosis in which the flow of blood from the portal vein to the liver is obstructed due to the increased fibrosis seen in cirrhosis; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with caput medusae, esophageal and rectal varicose veins and ascites. |
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Definition
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Term
| often associated with E. coli or chlamydia infection; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with suprapubic or perineal discomfort, dysuria, frequency of urination and a tender swollen boggy prostate. |
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Definition
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Term
| acute or chronic inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney and the ureter; caused by ascending infection from the bladder with E. coli being most common; |
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Definition
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Term
| present with chills, fever, nausea, vomiting and flank pain with costovertebral angle tenderness, Murphy’s punch will be positive; urinalysis will show numerous white blood cells, white blood cell casts and bacteria. |
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Definition
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Term
| most common is a seminoma; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with a dull ache in the scrotum with an enlarged irregular testis; ultrasound will confirm the echodensity of the mass and biopsy will be confirmatory. |
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Definition
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Term
| chronic inflammatory bowel disorder of unknown etiology; characterized by superficial ulcerations of the descending and sigmoid colon; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with left-sided abdominal pain, fatigue, anemia, recurrent blood diarrhea; there will be a microcytic hypochromic anemia due to the blood loss, colonoscopy and biopsy will confirm the diagnosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| acute twisting of the sigmoid colon; |
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Definition
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Term
| presents with severe abdominal pain and distension with hyperactive bowel sounds; x-ray of the abdomen will show the classic coffee-bean sign. |
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Definition
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