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NASM: Chapter 3
Disciplines of Functional Biomechanics
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04/29/2017

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Term
Kinesiology
Definition
The study of human movement.
Term
Biomechanics
Definition
The study of how forces affect a living body.
Term
Ground Reaction Force
Definition
An equal and opposite external force that is exerted back onto the body by the ground.
Term
Qualitative Analysis
Definition
Applying principles of proper technique and combining them with observations in order to make an educated evaluation.
Term
Quantitative Analysis
Definition
Taking physical measurements and making mathematical computations to reach a conclusion.
Term
Anatomic position
Definition
Standard posture wherein the body stands upright with the arms beside the trunk, the palms face forward, and the head faces forward.
Term
Midline
Definition
an imaginary line that splits the body into equal halves
Term
Sagital plane
Definition
an imaginary plane that bisects the body creating a left half and a right half.

Hint:
Sagital plane movements are those that move forward and backward.
Imagine a wall immediately to your right and left.
Ex: Walking, cycling, and squatting
Term
Frontal Plane
Definition
an imaginary plane that divides the body into a front half and a rear half.

Ex: Jumping Jacks, lunging from side to side
Term
Transverse plane
Definition
imaginary plane that bisects the body into a top half and a bottom half.

Ex: Dancer's pirouette, swinging a bat, cable rotations
Term
Anterior-posterior axis
Definition
imaginary straight line that cuts through the body from front to back.
Term
Longitudinal Axis
Definition
imaginary straight line that cuts through the body from top to bottom

Rotation around the longitudinal axis occurs in the transverse plane
Term
Range of motion
Definition
the amount of movement produced by one or multiple joints
Term
Flexion
Definition
Bending a joint where the relative angle between two adjoining segments decreases
Term
Extension
Definition
A bending of a joint where the relative angle between two adjoining segments increases
Term
Abduction
Definition
a body segment moving away from the midline of the body
Term
Adduction
Definition
a body segment moving toward the midline of the body
Term
Internal rotation
Definition
rotation of a limb or body part toward the midline of the body; also known as medial rotation
Term
External rotation
Definition
rotation of a limb or body part away from the midline of the body; also known as
Term
Pronation
Definition
triplanar movement that is associated with force reduction (forearm rotates inward)
Term
Supination
Definition
triplanar movement that is associated with force production (forearm rotates outward)
Term
Flexors
Definition
a muscle that produces flexion of a limb or joint
Term
Extensors
Definition
a muscle that produces extension of a limb or joint
Term
Abductors
Definition
a muscle that produces abduction of a limb or joint
Term
Adductors
Definition
a muscle that produces adduction of a limb or joint
Term
Pronators
Definition
a muscle that produces pronation of a limb or joint
Term
Supinators
Definition
a muscle that produces supination of a limb or joint
Term
Prone
Definition
body position where one is lying with the face down
Term
Supine
Definition
body position where one is lying on the back and the face upward
Term
Triple flexion
Definition
A multi-joint exercise that involves flexion at the hip, knee, and ankle
Term
Triple extension
Definition
A multi-joint exercise that involves extension at the hip, knee, and ankle
Term
Static posture
Definition
starting point from which an individual moves
Term
Multiplanar
Definition
Occuring in more than one plane of motion
Term
Concentric activation
Definition
The production of an active force when a muscle develops tension while shortening in length
Term
Active force
Definition
Muscle tension that is generated by its contractile elements
Term
Isometric activation
Definition
The production of an active force when
Term
Eccentric activation
Definition
Term
Isolated functions
Definition
Term
Eccentric function
Definition
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