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| name of a person place or thing; used as a subject of a sentence or clause; answers the question what or whom? |
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| substitutes for a noun (I me you he she it him her they them themselves everyone myself this that those who which) |
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| a word indicating action or of being. sets tone by tense voice mood. |
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| helping verbs (can could do did does has have may might must shall should will would) combine with verbs |
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| a verb preceded by "to" and functions as a noun |
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| describe or modify nouns or pronouns and answer the question which? what kind of? how many? |
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| describe or modify verbs adj or other adverbs (words in ly almost always someday somewhere really there) and answer the question How? when? where? to what extent? how often? |
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| about around atdown for in near of off regarding to with without link nouns or pronouns to other words (doghouse words) |
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| linking words link words phrases clauses (coordinate: and but or either or neither nor both and not only but also) subordinate: although because if whenever link to main sentence |
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| and but or either or neither nor both and not only but also link words phrases and clauses within a sentence (vs. to the main sentence) |
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| although because if whenever link clauses to main sentence |
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| a an the precede nouns as well as words phrases and clauses used as nouns within a sentence |
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| oh, hey wow words inserted to express feeling or command attention. when alone followed by excl. pt. if part of sentence followed by comma. |
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| must know how word functions before categ. as a noun verb etc. |
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