Term
| N2O is a _____ gas with a ____ odor |
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Definition
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Definition
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| At 36.7 C, it takes ____ ATMs to compress N2O into a liquid |
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Definition
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Term
| N2O is in the ____ phase in the body |
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Definition
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| At 20 C, it takes _____ ATM to compress N2O into a liquid; therefore, the pressure guage will read _____ ATM or _____ psi. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F your pressure gauge will not change even if you have only 1 mL N2O in the cylinder. |
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Definition
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Term
| N2O is/is not flammable and is/is not stable in soda lime. |
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Definition
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Term
| N2O is a potent ______ but a weak ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| blood/gas partition coefficient for N2O |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ leads to diffusion hypoxia with N2O. |
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Definition
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Term
| Diffusion anoxia is caused by 2 things: ______ of O2 and _______ of CO2 that results in an increased/decreased respiratory drive. |
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Definition
| displacement, dilution, decreased |
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Term
| Greatest effect of diffusion anoxia occurs within the first ___ to ___ mins, so deliver 100% O2 during this time, especially with ______ disease and when resp depression is expected post op (heavy opioids). |
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Definition
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Term
| N2O will increase the pressure in an occluded ______ ear, occluded _____ and ______ that contain air. |
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Definition
| middle, sinuses, cerebral ventricles |
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Term
| N2O increases the _____ in cavities with compliant walls |
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Definition
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Term
| How long does it take to expand an air embolus with N2O? |
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Definition
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Term
| The magnitude of the pressure or volume increase with N2O depends on the _____ of N2O, _____ to the cavity, and the _______ of the anesthetic. |
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Definition
| partial pressure (concentration), blood flow, duration. |
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Term
| Is it appropriate to give N2O in a lap chole case? |
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Definition
| No, it has the potential to over-expand the abd. |
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Term
| At 10 mins, N2O will _____ the size of a pneumo. At 30 mins, it will _____ the size and at 45 mins, it will ____ the size, when given at 75% concentration. |
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Definition
| double, triple, quadruple |
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Term
| If the neurosurgeon is okay with you using N2O during a sitting posterior fossa craniotomy, turn up the doppler very high, and everyone in the room will listen for a _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the gold standard to check for a saggital sinus air embolus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 diagnostic tools do we use to assess for an air embolus in a craniotomy before physiological changes are present? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 diagnostic tools do we have that assesses for an air embolus with a crani that will be present after modest physiological changes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 diagnostic tools do we have that assesses for an air embolus with a crani that will be present after clinically apparent physiological changes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 3 diagnostic tools do we have that assesses for an air embolus with a crani that will be present only after CV collapse? |
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Definition
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Term
| On a sitting crani, you MUST monitor these two end-tidal parameters. |
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Definition
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Term
| WIth an air embolus, the ET-CO2 will increase/decrease. End-tidal N2 will increase/decrease. |
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Definition
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Term
| N2O at 75% could ____ or _____ ETT cuff size, so check cuff pressures often. |
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Definition
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Term
| If you had a pt with a pneumoencephalography, how long must the pt stay away from N2O? |
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Definition
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Term
| Post-op hearing loss caused by N2O is from expansion of ______ ear, and resolves within _____ to ____ days. |
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Definition
| middle, a few hours (by the time they leave the PACU) to 2 days |
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Term
| Tympanic membranes can rupture at ___ to ___ cmH2O. This increase in pressure can cause serious _____ and post-op _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Is it appropriate to use N2O on COPDers? |
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Definition
| No, because N2O can rupture their blebs. |
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Term
| N2O will increase/decrease ICP? |
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Definition
| increase it because it increases CMRO2 and CBF; coupled. |
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Term
| If a pt develops increased ICP from N2O, will hyperventilating them help to reduce the ICP? |
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Definition
| Yes. N2O does not block the hyperventilatory vasoconstriction response. |
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Term
| The effects of N2O on the CNS can vary from pt to pt. Describe one characteristic. |
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Definition
| The physical status of the pt. |
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Term
| With N2O, CMRO2 and CBF are coupled/uncoupled? |
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Definition
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Term
| N2O + _____ or + _____ or + _____ will also decrease the ICP because these are cerebral vasoconstrictive agents. |
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Definition
| Propofol, BZDs, Barbs (Note: Not opioids). This is true ONLY if the pt does not have a compromized compliance. |
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Term
| N2O and what other INH agents increase CMRO2? |
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Definition
| None. N2O is the only one that increased CMRO2. |
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Term
| The CV pattern of N2O is inconsistent because_____ |
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Definition
| it's usually given with a host of other agents that also affect the CV system, such as opioids, volitile agents and anesthetic adjuncts. |
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Term
| In general, N2O increases/decreases HR in healthy volunteers, in a hyperbaric chamber or with INH agents are added? |
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Definition
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Term
| N2O + volitile anesthetic = ______ or _____ in HR |
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Definition
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