Term
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Definition
| associated with symptoms or disabilities that require long term management (3 months or longer). |
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Term
| Four major chronic diseases in Canada |
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Definition
Cardiovascular Disease
Cancers
COPD
DIabetes mellitus |
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Term
| Corbin and Strass's Trajectory model of chronic illness (9 stages) |
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Definition
1. Pretrajectory-being at risk
2. trajectory onset-onset of symptoms
3. stable- symptoms are being managed
4. unstable- exacerbation of symptoms
5. acute-sudden onset of symptoms
6. crisis-a life threatening situation
7. comeback-after acute stage
8. downward-worsening despite management
9. dying- decline |
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Term
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Definition
| conditions that do not resolve or for which complete cures are rare. |
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Term
| Main reasons nurses under-analgesia cancer patients |
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Definition
1. fear of opioid addiction
2. respiratory
3. Physical (chemical) dependence |
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Term
| Difference between addiction, chemical dependence, and tolerance of opioids |
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Definition
addiction-person seeks drug for psychological effects, not for pain effects.
chemical dependence-physiological phenomenon manifested by withdrawal symptoms after abrupt discontinuation. treated with gradual withdrawal of opioid.
Tolerance- after repeated doses there is a decrease in effectiveness at the same dose. Can often actually be disease progression that requires higher dose, not tolerance. treated with increased dosage. |
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Term
| WHO ladder of pain management |
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Definition
MILD pain-non-opioids (acetaminophen, NSAIDs)
MODERATE pain- weak opioids + co-analgesic (codeine, oxytcodone)
SEVERE pain- strong opioid + co-analgesic (morphine, dilaudid, fentanyl, methadone) |
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Term
| Superficial Cutaneous Pain |
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Definition
produced in skin, subcutaneous tissue and mucosa. well defined area of pain.
Analgesic relief: NSAIDs, Acetaminophen, opioids |
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Term
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Definition
produced in muscles, tendons, joints. relatively well localized, worsens with movement, tender to pressure. dull, aching, throbbing, constant.
Analgesic relief: typically opioid sensitive |
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Term
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Definition
tumor in an organ, causing twisting, compression or stretching of viscera. vague in distribution and quality.
Analgesic relief: opioids |
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Term
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Definition
| NSAIDs, corticosteroids. opioids DO NOT work on metastatic bone pain |
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Term
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Definition
nerve compression- tumor compressing on a nerve, causing the nerve to fire.
nerve destruction- tumor is infitrating, eroding into nerve, causing nerve to fire, often in distorted ways
described as shooting, radiating, jolting, stabbing. pins and needles, numbness.
analgesic relief: corticosteroids, antiepileptic, anticonvulsant, antidepressant |
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Term
| 6 elements of chronic care model |
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Definition
Community
Health system
self-management support
delivery system design
decision support
clinical information system |
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Term
| Models of care for Chronic Disease Management |
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Definition
Home-mostly elderly and those with CD
-RN role: case manager, direct care provider
Hospital-acute illness
-RN role: direct care, clinical leader, unit manager
Rehabilitation- individualized
-RN role: direct care, case manager
Long term care
-RN role: oversees care and delegates tasks, care manager
Palliation-managing psychosocial needs and physical symptoms |
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Term
| Health care delivery to decrease the effects of stigma |
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Definition
1. Shift from cure to care- accepting the characteristics of chronic illness.
2. Mutual participation-encourage client to participate in health care decision making, which causes better compliance and increased sense of self and acceptance
3.distinguish b/t non-acceptance vs. non-participation- a non disabled person may assume a disable person cannot or doesn't want to participate in an activity. instead they should say they want them to participate, the person may want to participate in a different way. |
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Term
ACE inhibitors
Calcium channel blockers
Beta blockers |
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Definition
Inhibits Angiotensin-converting enzyme preventing the conversion of AT1 to AT2 which is a potent vasoconstrictor. Also results in decreases aldosterone secretion
block calcium from entering vascular smooth muscle. Results in peripheral arterial vasodilation reducing PVR and BP.
Block adrenergic receptors resulting in decreased cardiac output and PVR |
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Term
Obstructive Respiratory diseases
Restrictive Respiratory Diseases |
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Definition
AIrflow obstruction, difficulty with EXPIRATION (asthma, copd). often develop barrel chest
Stiff or non-compliant lungs, diffuculty with INSPIRATION. (pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, ARDS), problem with alveoli |
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Term
| Extrinsic asthma VS Intrinsic asthma |
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Definition
Extrinsic- hyperreactive exposure to allergen (dust mite, pet dander, pollen, mold)
Intrinsic- AKA occupational, caused by environmental factor (cold air, exercise, URTI, smoke) |
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Term
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Definition
| Hay fever, asthma, eczema |
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Term
Right sided heart failure
Left sided heart failure |
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Definition
right: edema in the periphery
left: fluid build up in the lungs |
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Term
| Crohns Vs Ulcerative cholitis |
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Definition
Crohns- prolonged episodes, deep penetrating granulomas, fistulas, no bleeding
Ulcerative colitis- exacerbations and remissions, mucosal ulcerations, ++bleeding, no fistulas |
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Term
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Definition
Glomurular filtration rate of <60 ml/minute/1.73m2 for >3months, with or without kidney damage
OR
Kidney damage for > 3 months, as defined by structural or functional abnormalities, with or without decreased GFR |
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