Term
|
Definition
- Class - Lincosamide
- Inhibits cell wall synthesis of the bacteria = bacteriocidal
- Adverse reactions: Ototoxicity (hearing loss), Nephrotoxicity (kidney damage)
- "Red Neck Syndrome" - if administer too quickly d/t release of histamine, chills, fever, tachycardia, pruritis.
- Dose: 7.5mg/kg ever 6 hours. *Infuse over one hour* |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Study of:
Health events and diseases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Microorganism does not cause disease in host, but can be transmitted to others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Saliva, mucus, tears, sweat contain a bacterial-killing enzyme
Sebaceous gland secretions are antifungals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Stress associated with increased secretion of corticosteroids (believed to depress immune function)
Exogenous steroids and other immunosuppressive therapies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decrease number of susceptible hosts in the population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Microorganism’s ability to mutate in response to environment changes in host
Mutation allows successful host infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mobile appendages that allow bacterium to move or swim toward nutrients (sugar, amino acids) in a favorable environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Polypeptides produced and released by organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Immunogenic part of bacterial cell wall that triggers a massive immune response when bacterium lyses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gliding bacteria
Spirochetes
Mycoplasmas
Rigid bacteria
Actinomycetes
Unicellular forms: Intracellular obligate parasites—must live within host cell to survive & Free-living bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Classified by morphology and response to Gram staining
Cocci
Bacilli
Spiral
Gram-positive appear dark purple under microscope
Gram-negative appear pink
Acid-fast resist staining (but once stained, resist decoloration) |
|
|
Term
| Bacteria through the body |
|
Definition
Penetrate initial defense mechanism
Multiply and create colony
Cause inflammation to contain/eliminate invading bacteria
Move through body via fluid systems toward lymph nodes
Stimulate immune response
If they overwhelm lymph nodes, bacterial emboli can cause bacteremia, microabscesses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Totally dependent on host cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
If RNA single positive copy: Uses strand as direct template to create viral proteins and complementary RNA strand
If RNA negative copy, RNA must be transcribed to positive complementary copy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Infections caused by fungi
Systemic
Inhalation of dust that contains fungus
Tend to be more serious
Usually host’s immune system is compromised |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Protozoa
Helminths
Arthropods
Manifestations of parasitic infections vary (depending on organism and site of infection)
Common sites of infestation are skin and gastrointestinal tract |
|
|
Term
| Components of the Immune System |
|
Definition
Skin and mucous membranes
Mononuclear phagocyte system
Lymphoid system: Spleen, Thymus gland, Lymph nodes
Bone marrow |
|
|
Term
| Leukocytes aided by chemical mediators: |
|
Definition
| Complement, kinins, clotting factors, cytokines, and chemokines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NK cells
Phagocytic cells: Neutrophils, Macrophages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mononuclear Phagocyte System |
|
Definition
Composed of monocytes and macrophages
Monocytes migrate to organs to become macrophages
Alveolar - lung
Microglial - brain and spinal cord
Kupffer cells - liver
Histiocytes - connective tissue
Dendritic cells - monocytes derived cell type that specialize in capturing and presenting antigens to T cells
Macrophages and dendritic cells: First immune cells to encounter pathogen or foreign antigen. Secrete cytokines to communicate news of invasion to other cells
Macrophages are Powerful phagocytes that clean up dead neutrophils and inflammatory debris |
|
|
Term
| Primary and Secondary Organs in Lymphoid system |
|
Definition
Primary: Bone Marrow, Thymus
Secondary: Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, peyers patches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Primary: Hematopoiesis (form RBC)
Red (functioning) bone marrow - hematopoiesis: pelvis, sternum, ribs, cranium, ends of long bones, vertebral spine by adulthood
Yellow (fatty) bone marrow: found in remaining bones, can be recruited to become red marrow again. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small, closed-ended lymphatic capillaries in direct contact with interstitial fluid surrounding cells and tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Found primarily in neck, groin, axillae, thorax, abdomen. Become tender, palpable when responding to foreign invaders. Divided into compartments by trabeculae.
Contain large numbers of B cells, T cells, and macrophages.
Lymph fluid flows through for immune cells to filter, detect, and react to foreign material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Located under diaphragm on left side of body
Largest lymphoid organ
Macrophages in red pulp
Filter out foreign substances and old red blood cells
Lymphocytes in white pulp
Contact blood-borne antigens (then may migrate to other lymphoid organs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 60-80%. First to appear after an injury. Engulf and degrade invading bacteria. Shift to the left: too many neutrophils. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1-6%. Allergic reactions. Parasitic intestinal infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 0-2%. Basophils – vascular system. Mast cell – connective tissue. Contains granules that contain histamine and platelet factors. When granules burst open, these chemicals are released and trigger inflammation and allergic reaction. |
|
|
Term
| Monocytes and Macrophages |
|
Definition
| 5%. Recognize antigens marked with antibodies. Try to phagocytize those antigens. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
20-30%, T and B cells are part of specific immune response → respond to specific antigens.
NK – innate, helps kill viruses and tumors. |
|
|
