1. List the parts of a DNA molecule requested below:

·  Two parts that make up the side uprights

· Name of sugar     

sugar and phosphate

deoxyribose

adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine

(A,T,G,C)

1. How is RNA different from DNA is the following:
   • Possible locations 
   • Nitrogen bases      
   • Kinds of RNA      

Nucleus and cytoplasm

adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine (A,U,G,C)

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

1 less oxygen

codon=AAA

anticodon=UUU

1. What is the process that DNA copies itself just before prophase called?

1. Which of the following are concerns about the human genome project?
   • Invasion of privacy
   • Uncontrolled genetic engineering 
   • Genetic disease intervention  

• Invasion of privacy
• Uncontrolled genetic engineering

1. During the process of translation an anticodon has the base sequence of ACU. What would this sequence do? 

1. Identify the false statements about DNA below:
   • It is found in the nucleus.
   • It is found in the cytoplasm.
   • Its copying is a semi-conservative process.
   • Its three nitrogen base sequence is called a codon.
   • It sugar is deoxyribose.

-It is found in the cytoplasm

-Its three nitrogen base sequence is called a codon. 

1. State one of the most important dogmas (statements) about the role of DNA stated in this class. 

1. In what part of a neuron are most cell organelles found? 

1. Are the following statements about transcription true or false?
   • RNA polymerase searches for promoter sequences on DNA. 
   • DNA with strong promoter sequences is transcribed more often. 
   • DNA with weak promoter sequences is transcribed less often.
   • Long sections of DNA are transcribed at once.  

true

true

true

false

1. Concerning the experiment by Jacob & Monod, identify the statements as either true or false.
   • All of the E. Coli died.    
   • Lactose was converted to glucose. 
   • The lactose gene was transcribed by RNA polymerase. 
   • RNA polymerase bound to the DNA promoter sequence. 

false

false

true

true

1. Identify the following statements about the transmission of a nerve impulse as true or false.
   • Sodium channels are open during action potential. 
   • The neuron cell membrane is depolarized during action potential. 
   • Neurotransmitters increase permeability of the post-synaptic neuron membrane. 
   • Potassium channels are open toward the end of an action potential. 
   • The neuron cell membrane is repolarized prior to the neuron reaching resting potential. 

true

true

true

false

true

1. What is the function of acetylcholine? 

1. What is the function of cholinesterase? 

1. Place the following steps of nerve impulse conduction in the correct order.

a.       Sodium channels open and sodium rushes into a cell depolarizing the membrane.

b.      Potassium channels open and positive potassium ions leave the cell.

c.       Sodium channels close.

d.      Stimulus causes membrane voltage to rise until a threshold stimulus is experienced.

e.       Nerve impulse travels from cell body along axon to the synapse.

1. List at least four effects of a hallucinogen.

1. Identify the group of drugs each of the following belong to.
   • LSD  _____________________
   • Heroin  ___________________
   • Peyote  ___________________
   • PCP     ___________________
   • Mescaline  ________________

What is the overall function of gibberillins? 

1. State the function of each of the following hormones.
   • FSH
   • TSH 

LH  

1.  
   • hGH
   • PRL

FSH gamete production

TSH causes thyroid to releise T3 and T4

LH prepares uterus for embryo implantation

HGH growth

PRL milk production

1. During which stage of the cell cycle do chromosomes (DNA) undergo replication? 

1. Explain what each of the following terms related to chromosome number means.
2. 2N
3. 4N
4. N
5. Diploid
6. Haploid

• 2N  paired chromosomes
• 4N  chromosomes in fours (tetraploid)
•  N single chromosome
• Diploid  2H

1. Identify the following statements about meiosis as either true or false.
   • Meiosis is an asexual process. 
   • Meiosis includes spermatogenesis and oogenesis. 
   • Meiosis is a sexual process. 
   • Meiosis produces diploid cells. 

false

true

true

false

Spermatogenesis produces four viable sperm and doesn’t start until after puberty.

       Oogenesis produces one egg and three polar bodies and starts in utero.

1. Put the following events of embryonic development in the correct order.

a.       one-celled zygote becomes two-celled zygote

b.      formation of blastula

c.       fertilization – zygote formation

d.      cleavage

e.       formation of gastrula

1. List the organs/tissues that come from each of the following germ layers:
   • Ectoderm 
   • Mesoderm

Ectoderm – skin & nervous system,

Mesderm – muscles and bones,

Endoderm –

       internal organs and systems

One or a group of cells induce the cells around them to develop into the same type of  cells.

Male – anther, filament, stamen; 

Female – stigma, style, pistil