Term
| Selective Service Act For 1917 |
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Definition
| Draft Men between 21-30 by lottery. |
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Term
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Definition
Headed by Herbert Hoover.
"Food will win the war"
Wheatless Mondays, Meatless Tuesdays, Porkless Thursays. |
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Term
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Definition
Drives the US to war. January 1917:the British intercept a telegram sent from Germany to Mexico, & tells the US.
Proposal: If Mexico allies with them & fights against the US, then lost lands will be returned after the war. TX, NM AZ, CA, NV, UT, CO. U-boats sighted off the Texas Gulf
Coast
• April 1917: The U.S. declares war
on Germany |
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Term
| Committee for Public Information |
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Definition
Headed by George Creel The best
approach to influencing public
opinion was “expression, not
repression”
– Propaganda instead of censorship
• Carried word of the Allies’ war
aims to the people
• Attempted to demoralize the
enemy |
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Term
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Definition
Oversaw all aspects of
industrial production and distribution
– Established priorities for national industrial production
and distribution
– Provided incentives for manufacturers to retool
– Encouraged cooperation among industries |
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Term
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Definition
Served as mediator in labor
disputes during the war
– Industries that did not cooperate would be taken over
by the government
– Male workers that did not participate would be drafted
– Government will side with labor during the war |
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Term
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Definition
A giant oil reserve in Wyoming
– The area was protected under
Roosevelt
• Albert Fall, Secretary of the
Interior
– Leased drilling rights to Sinclair Oil
for $1.00
• Fall took bribes and went to jail
• Stress from the scandal may
have resulted in Harding’s death
– Coolidge becomes President |
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Term
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Definition
Foundation for the modern
Republican Party
• Supported industry
• Tax cuts for the rich
– Andrew Mellon: “Father of
Republican Tax Policy”
– The rich vote and contribute to
political campaigns, instantly
creating a political power base |
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Term
| Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act: |
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Definition
High taxes for imports to protect
American industry |
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Term
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Definition
Secretary of the
Interior
– Leased drilling rights to Sinclair Oil
for $1.00
• Fall took bribes and went to jail for teapot dome scandal |
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Term
| Gulf of Tonkin Resolution |
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Definition
Aug. 7, 1964, Johnson submitted to Congress a resolution asking approval “to take all necessary steps, including the use of armed forces
• Aug. 1, 1964, North Vietnamese torpedo boats skirmished with the American destroyer Maddox in the
Gulf of Tonkin
• Aug. 4, experiencing rough seas and poor visibility, radar operators on the Maddox and another destroyer, the C.
Turner Joy, concluded that the patrol boats were making another attack
• Within hours it was confirmed that the ships had not been firing at enemy ships, but rather the images had been errors |
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Term
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Definition
• Richard Nixon (R)
– A solid history of anticommunism
– Vows to improve the quality of life
– Support civil rights
• John F. Kennedy (D)Youthful senator from MA
– “Combined the best qualities if Elvis
Presley and Franklin D. Roosevelt”
– Critics worried about his age, lack of
experience, and Roman Catholic faith
– To lessen JFK’s liabilities, Sen. Lyndon
B. Johnson from Texas is added to the
ticket
Nixon & Kennedy agreed to
participate in debates
• The first televised debate in U.S.
history, 70 million viewers saw:
– A handsome-looking Kennedy
• Calm and knowledgeable
• Appeared “presidential”
– Nixon made a poor impression
• Looked tired & haggard
• “Five o’clock shadow”
• Looked at Kennedy the entire time
• Began to sweat profusely
• Result: Appearances count |
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Term
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Definition
• Oct. 14, 1962: A US spy plane
discovered missiles and launching
sites being constructed in Cuba
• JFK immediately protests and
demands the Soviet Union to remove
the missiles
• Kennedy orders a blockade on the
island
• The U.S. flew nuclear-bomb carrying
B-52s around-the-clock to prepare for
retaliation
• Oct. 26: Khrushchev backs down
– Promises not to send missiles to Cuba
if the U.S. promises never to invade
the island again |
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Term
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Definition
| Democratic Republic of(North) Vietnam Leader |
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Term
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Definition
Republic of (South) Vietnam leader
• The U.S. quietly supported the
overthrow of Diem
– Nov. 1, 1963: Dissident South
Vietnamese military leaders
overthrow and murder Diem
– South Vietnam becomes unstable
as the Vietcong gains in strength |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Poverty, hidden during the 50s, is now apparent
• “The Great Society”: War against poverty
• Office of Economic Opportunity
– Job Corps for high school dropouts
– Head Start for preschoolers
– Day-care Centers
– College financial aid
– Consumer Education Classes
– Legal Aid Services
– Medicare/Medicaid
• Government would supply the money and know-how
for the poor so that they could improve their own lives
• Vietnam derails the Great Societ |
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Term
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Definition
| Self Immolation. Set himself on fire. |
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Term
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Definition
• 1966: SNCC & CORE rejects
integration, and pushes for black
separatism
• Black Power: To control elections in
Southern states
• Black Panthers: Stokely Carmichael,
Huey Newton & Bobby Seale
– Revolutionary social movement
– To organize Black men to fight for
liberation
– Advocated social services for poor Blacks
– Became a paramilitary organization to
protect Blacks from white violence and the police |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
• North Vietnamese leaders sought to
discredit Westmoreland
• January 1968, The Viet Cong struck
during the Vietnamese New Year
holiday of Tet
• Bloodiest fighting in the war
• A military defeat for North Vietnam and the Viet Cong
• A Pyrrhic Victory for North Vietnam – it seriously weakened American public
support for the war
• Tet destroyed Johnson’s credibility, and he will not run for re-election
Intensified an already growing anti-war movement and youth protest |
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Term
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Definition
| A gradual withdrawl of American troops as a way to advance peace talks in Paris. By president Nixon |
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Term
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Definition
May 1970 Rioters at Kent State University, Ohio,
torched an ROTC building
– After being repeatedly taunted and
harassed by students, National
Guardsmen opened fire, killing 4 students and wounding a dozen more. |
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Term
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Definition
| came to light in 1970 and added fuel to fire, killing over 200 men, women, and children |
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Term
| Operation Rolling Thunder |
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Definition
, air assault of North Vietnam, began
on March 2, 1965
• By 1967, 542,000 American soldiers in Vietnam |
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Term
| General William C. Westmoreland |
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Definition
sent home favorable reports to the American People
• Each week on nightly news the enemy
“body count” was reported
• By fall of 1967, a “light at the end of the tunnel." |
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Term
| Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) |
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Definition
• Goal was to raise farm prices by limiting production
• Encouraged farmers to reduce
production by paying them not to plant
• Quotas for farmers: Any surplus
produce will be destroyed
• Large farmers benefited from the AAA –
the could farm more effectively on less
land
• The Supreme Court ruled the AAA
unconstitutional – The government
cannot set production quotas |
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Term
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Definition
• Two Phases
– 1st New Deal, 1933-1934
– 2nd New Deal, 1935-1939
• Goals
– Relief: To help those in need ASAP
– Recovery: To pull the US out of the
Depression
– Reform: To make sure this never happens again |
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Term
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Definition
March 5, 1933 – FDR announces
that all banks will close for 4 days |
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Term
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Definition
The Federal Reserve will
audit all banks to ensure financial soundness |
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Term
| Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC |
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Definition
Regulated stock market activities, including the setting of margin rates
– Required companies to disclose information about their economic conditions |
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Term
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Definition
• 20,000+ World War I Veterans
marched on Washington in the
summer of 1932
• Lobbied Congress to pass the
Bonus Act
– In 1924, the U.S. Government promised
WWI vets a bonus of about $1,000,
payable in 1945
– The vets marched on Washington to
demand payment now
• Hoover orders the Army to run the
marchers out of town
– Two vets and two babies died of
suffocation, over 1,000 injuries |
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Term
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Definition
• A drought coincided with the
Depression
• Swarms of grasshoppers and
jackrabbits ate everything in
sight
• Tidal waves of dust
descended on the Midwest,
and winds blew the topsoil
away
• People loaded their meager
belongings into old cars and
headed to California |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Marcus Garvey: “Back to Africa” movement
– Blacks should “return” to Africa
to help it prosper
– An eccentric man who
regarded himself as King of Africa
Arrested for fraud |
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Term
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Definition
A series of “luxury liners”
– One rusting ship
– Bilked investors |
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Term
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Definition
A rise in intellectualism among
African American groups
• Result of the Great Migration
• Appreciation of American
Black Culture
– W.E.B. DuBois: First black
historian
– Writers: Langston Hughes,Richard Wright
– Music: Louis Armstrong, Bessie
Smith, Duke Ellington |
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Term
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Definition
1915: Birth of a Nation
15% of the U.S. population became
members
• “100% Americanism”: Anti-Black, Anti-
Semitic, Anti-Catholic, Antiimmigration
– Hate catered for locales: Asians,
Hispanics, Mormons, Jehovah’s
Witnesses, Homosexuals, etc.
• 1929: The Klan implodes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Imperial Wizard
- Shrewd Salesman |
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Term
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Definition
| Racketeering. Caught for tax evasion. |
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Term
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Definition
Japan decides to destroy the U.S.
Pacific fleet
– Most of the fleet was stationed at Pearl
Harbor, Hawaii
• Dec. 7, 1941: “Surprise attack” on Pearl
Harbor
– 19 ships sunk
– 150 planes destroyed
– 2,400 Americans killed
• Japan takes over the Philippines, Guam
and Midway Island
– Death marches on American colonists
• U.S. declares war on Japan; Germany
and Italy 4 days later
– “A day that will live in infamy”
– Ends Neutrality & the Depression |
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Term
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Definition
D-Day: Jun. 6, 1944
– One of the largest amphibious assaults
ever assembled 6,500 ships; 1,500 tanks; 176,000 men |
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Term
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Definition
Last ditch attempt by Germany
– Expended the last of Germany’s
resources |
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Term
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Definition
U.S.: We must remain neutral
• Great Depression: Domestic problems must be
solved first
• Nye Committee: “Merchants of war”
– Bankers & munitions makers encouraged war to
make enormous profits
• Neutrality Acts
– No sale of arms/munitions to belligerents
– No loans to belligerents
– All other trade will be on a cash & carry basis |
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Term
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Definition
Leader of Italy
1935: Invaded ehhiopia |
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Term
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Definition
“Extra living space” for
Germans
– 1938: Germany takes over Austria and
Czechoslovakia
– 1939: Takes over Poland
– 1940: Takes over France |
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