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Mythology Flashcards
Flashcards for Edith Hamilton's Mythology
73
English
9th Grade
05/11/2014

Additional English Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
prometheus
Definition

Name means "forethought" 

 

Brother of Epimetheus

 

Made humans in a way that they were superior to animals (gave them the gift of fire"

Term
chaos
Definition

Before anything was created their was only chaos:

 

darkness, nothingness, and confusion

Term
night
Definition
One of chaos's childs
Term
erebus
Definition
one of chaos's children
Term
love
Definition
created from night and erebus
Term
light and day
Definition
created from love
Term
How was earth created?
Definition
No explanation was given, but according to the text, "it just happened..." "with the coming together of love and light."
Term
heaven
Definition
created the same time as earth
Term

Gaea

 

Definition

Mother Earth

 

Term
Ouranos
Definition
Father Heaven
Term
Cyclops
Definition

One eye

Gigantic

Term
Titans
Definition

No way inferior to the cyclops

Not purely destructive

Term

Creatures with many hands, heads

 

Definition

Had one hundred hands, fifty heads

Hated by their father (heaven)

Were imprisoned after they were born

Term
Saturn
Definition
The Roman name for Cronus
Term
Cronus
Definition

A titan that challenged his father (Heaven) over the mistreatment of the imprisoned children.

He slayed him and a 4th race of monsters was born from his blood (Erinyes), also called Furies.

 

Term
Erinyes
Definition
Furies, the 4th race of monsters born from Heaven's blood.  Their goal was to punish sinners.  They were called "those who walk in darkness."  They had snakes for hair and blood for tears.
Term
Rhea
Definition
Sister-Queen with Cronus, ruling the universe.
Term
Zeus
Definition
Son of Cronus and Rhea. Called "Jupiter" by the Romans. Rebels against his father.
Term
Why did Zeus rebel against Cronus?
Definition
Cronus , knowing that one of his children would rebel against him, attempted to eat them when they were born.  Rhea tricked Cronus into eating a rock instead, while Zeus was hidden
Term
How is Zeus able to fight against Cronus with the help of his siblings?
Definition
He forces Cronus to vomit up the siblings.  They fight together against the Titans.
Term

Who wins the battle between Cronus and his children?

 

Definition
The children, led by Zeus, defeat Cronus.  They have the help of Promoetheus, a sympathetic titan. As a punishment, the titans are chained for eternity.
Term
Atlas
Definition
Prometheus' brother. Punished to bear the weight of the world as punishment.
Term
Typhon
Definition

Earth's last child.

A flaming moster with 100 heads who rose up against all the gods.

 

 

Term
What happened in the battle between Zeus and Typhon?
Definition
Typhon was struck down with a lightning bolt
Term
Were the giants victorious in their battle against Zeus?
Definition

No, even though they were helped by Hercules, Zeus' son.

"From then on, Zeus and his brothers and sisters ruled."

Term
How was the earth described by the Greeks?
Definition

It was a round disc

 

The sea (Mediterranean) was divided into two parts: Axine (Unfriendly) and Euxine (Friendly)

The "great river" was referred to as the "Ocean."

A people called the Cimmerians lived on the other side.

Term
Hyperboreans
Definition
Lived in the great north.  Were rarely visited by others.
Term
Muses
Definition
Didn't live far from Hyperboreans. Danced, played flutes
Term
Ethiopians
Definition
Lived to the south, were favored by the gods. Enjoyed banquets.
Term
What was the land of the "blessed dead" like?
Definition

no snowfall

little or no rain

Term
Who is Epimetheus?
Definition

Prometheus' brother

 

Name means "afterthought"

 

Created animals with gifts that would create challenges to humans (horns, shells), etc.

Term
What were the races of humans?
Definition

First gold- When they dies, their spirits lived on

Then silver (inferior to the first)- Not intelligent, continuously injured one another.  When they died, their spirits did not live on

 

Brass-  Described as "horrible," "violent," destroyed one another

 

(no name)- "a splendid race of godlike heroes who fought glorious wars and went on great adventures which men have talked and sung of through all the ages since." "they departed finally to the isles of the blessed, where they lived in perfect bliss forever."

 

Iron-Nature is too evil..live in "toil" and "sorrow." The become more inferior with each generation.

Term
women
Definition
"For a long time, there were only men on the earth, no women." Zeus created them later.
Term
Why was Zeus upset with Prometheus over animal sacrifice?
Definition
Humans would get the best part of any humans sacrified. The gods would get the worst.
Term
Who is the first woman?  Who created her?
Definition

Pandora "gift to all"

 

Term
Describe the story of Pandora's box
Definition
The gods presented a box to Pandora with something harmful in it.  They told her to never open it.  She opened it and saw the mischief of mankind. The only good thing in the box was hope.
Term
How did Zeus ultimately punish Prometheus?
Definition
He had him seized and took had him chained to a rock in the Caucus mountains.  Zeus wanted to force Prometheus to disclose secrets. He refused to  speak.  He was freed "generations" later. He is known for standing up to tyranny and injustice.
Term
What was the deluge?
Definition
A flood ordered by Zeus. There were two humans that were covered by a wooden chest.  They were Deucalion and Pyrrha- Prometheus' son and niece.
Term
Who were the stone people?
Definition
After the deluge (flood), stones fell and took human shape.  The Stone People were a "hard enduring race"
Term
Eros
Definition

God of Love (cupid in latin)

 

young and attractive

 

gives gifts to men

 

cannot do wrong or allow it

 

some said aphrodites companion some said her son


later it was said that he was mischevious naughty or worse

 

often blindfolded

Term
Hebe
Definition

Goddess of youth

 

daughter of zues and hera

 

she married hercules

 

cup bearer

 

 

Term
Iris
Definition

goddess of the rainbow

 

messenger of the gods (in the illiad only messanger)

 

 

Term
The Graces
Definition

Aglaia (splendor), Euphrosyne (Mirth), and Thalia (Good Cheer) were the three graces

 

daughters of zeus and Eurynome

 

treated as one- incarnation of grace and beauty

 

The graces were queens of song

Term
The Muses
Definition

There were nine

 

The daughters of zeus and mnenosyne(memory)

 

Also the queens of song

 

Helicon, pierus (they were born), parnassus, olympus were the mountains of the muses

 

They were companions of apollo and the graces

 

lyre

Term
Themis and Dike
Definition

Themis is the right or defined justice

 

Dike is human justice

Term
nemesis and aidos
Definition

nemesis translated as rightous anger

 

aidos translated as the shame that holds men back from wrongdoing and translated as the feeling a rich man has in front of someone less fortunate (of how the less fortunate person doesn't deserve it)

 

 

Term
Poseidon (neptune)
Definition
lord and ruler of the sea (mediterranian) and the friendly sea (euxine/ the black sea) and underground rivers
Term
Ocean and Tethys and Oceanids
Definition

Ocean: A male titan that is the lord of the river ocean (a great river encircling the earth)

Tethys: Oceans wife who was also a titan

Oceanids: Their daughters and nymphs of the great river

 

The gods of all the rivers on earth were their sons 

Term
Pontus and Nereus
Definition

Pontus (means deep sea) was son of mother earth and the father of Nereus

 

Nereus was a sea god called the old man of the sea (trusty and gentle)(never lies)

 

Nereus and his wife doris (a daughter of Ocean) had 50 daughters who were the nymphs of the sea called Nereids 

Term
Triton
Definition

The trumpeter of the sea

 

his trumpet was a great shell

 

he was the son of poseidon and amphitrite

Term
Proteus
Definition

Poseidons son or Poseidons attendant

 

Had the power of both fortelling the future and shapeshifting

Term
Naiads
Definition
These were water nymphs that dwelt in brooks springs and fountains
Term
Hades (pluto) and persephone
Definition
hades was the ruler of the underworld and kingdom of dead
Term
Tartarus and Erebus
Definition

Tartarus: The prisons of the sons of earth

Erebus: Where the dead pass as soon as they die

Term
Cerberus
Definition
The three headed dragon tailed dog who permits all spirits to enter but none to return
Term
Rhadamanthus, minos, aecus
Definition
Three judges who pass sentence and send the wicked to everlastin torment and the good to elysian field
Term
The Erinyes (the furies)
Definition

Punish evildoers in the underworld or pursued sinners on earth

 

usually represented as three tisiphone, megaera, alecto

Term
Demeter
Definition

Godess of corn

daughter of cronus and rhea

a supreme deity of earth

The first cornfield was at the beginning of settled life on earth

her festival was in september every five years and lasted for nine days

worshiped with dionysus they were sad in winter

 

Term
Dionysus (bacchus)
Definition

The god of the vine

a supreme deity of earth

Term
Pan
Definition

The chief

Hermes son

merry and noist

had goat horns and hooves

friends with the nymphs

the god of the goat herds and shepherds

Term
Silenus
Definition

Sometimes said to be pans son sometimes his brother

A jovial fat drunk old man who road a donkey

Term

Caster and Pollux

 

Definition

Lived half their time on earth half on heaven

they were brothers

sons of leda

special protectors of sailors

two stars were said to be theirs the gemini twins

 

 

Term
leda
Definition

wife of king tyndareus of sparta

 

Term
The Sileni
Definition

Part horse part man

walked on two legs

they had horse hoofs, ears, and tails

Term
satyrs
Definition

goatmen like pan

their home was the wildplaces of earth

Term
oreads, dryads (Hamadryads)
Definition

oreads: nymphs of mountains

dryads:nymphs of trees

Term
aeolus
Definition

king of the winds  lived on earth on the island aeolia

north, south, east, west winds

Term
centaurs
Definition

Half man Half horse

Savage creatures more beast than man

Term
Chiron
Definition
A centaur known for his goodness and wisdom
Term
Gorgons
Definition
Dragon like creatures with wings whos look turned men to stone
Term
Graiae
Definition

The gorgons sisters???

three grey women who had one eye between then

Term
The Sirens
Definition

Lived on an island in the seas

lured sailors to their death with their enchanting singing
 

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