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Myers Psychology (6th ed.) Ch.12
vocabulary-based flashcards--motivation
29
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
07/22/2010

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Term
Motivation
Definition
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.
Term
Instinct
Definition
A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.
Term
Drive-Reduction Theory
Definition
The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.
Term
Incentive
Definition
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
Term
Hierarchy of Needs
Definition
Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.
Term
Glucose
Definition
The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.
Term
Set Point
Definition
The point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.
Term
Basal Metabolic Rate
Definition
The body's resting rate of energy expenditure.
Term
Anorexia Nervosa
Definition
An eating disorder in which a normal-weight person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15 percent or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve.
Term
Bulimia Nervosa
Definition
An eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.
Term
Sexual Response Cycle
Definition
The four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution (EPOR, rope backwards).
Term
Refractory Period
Definition
A resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm.
Term
Sexual Disorder
Definition
A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning.
Term
Estrogen
Definition
A sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity.
Term
Testosterone
Definition
The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty.
Term
Sexual Orientation
Definition
An enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation).
Term
Achievement Motivation
Definition
A desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of thing, people, or ideas (semicolon -insert-) for attaining a high standard.
Term
Intrinsic Motivation
Definition
A desire to perform a behavior for its own sake and to be effective.
Term
Extrinsic Motivation
Definition
A desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishments
Term
Flow
Definition
A completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills.
Term
Industrial-Organizational Psychology
Definition
The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.
Term
Personnel Psychology
Definition
A subfield of industrial-organizational psychology (I/O psychology) that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development.
Term
Organizational Psychology
Definition
A subfield of industrial-organizational psychology (I/O psychology) that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change.
Term
Structured Interviews
Definition
Interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales.
Term
Task Leadership
Definition
Goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals.
Term
Social Leadership
Definition
Group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support.
Term
Theory X
Definition
Assumes workers are basically lazy, error-prone,and extrinsically motivated by money, and thus, should be directed by bosses from above.
Term
Theory Y
Definition
Assumes that, given challenge and freedom, workers are motivated to achieve self-esteem and to demonstrate their competence and creativity.
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