Term
| Pityriasis (Tinea) Versicolor |
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Definition
-chronic
-caused by malassezia furfur
-clusters around hair follicles
-hypopigmented lesions or hyperpigmented macules
-common sites: back, underarm, upper arm, chest, neck
-no erythema, mild itching only
-spaghetti and meatballs
-large round yeasts with angular hyphae
-flouresce yellow-green under Woods lamp
-treatment: azoles or selenium sulfide shampoo |
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Term
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Definition
-often on palms
-caused by Hortaea werneckii
-produce melanin = dematiaceous
-dark-colored, non-scaling macules
-culture: pale moist yeast colonies
-treatment: azoles and Whitefield's ointment |
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Term
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Definition
-asymptomatic infection of hair shafts
-caused by Piedraia hortae
-dark-colored hard nodules firmly attached to hairs
-usually affects scalp hair, may cause hair breaking
-dematiaceous hyphae, acospores
-treatment: haircut and washing |
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Term
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Definition
-asymptomatic infection of hair shafts
-caused by Trichosporon
-light-colored, soft nodules that are loosely attached
-groin and axillae hair
-septate hyphae into arthroconidia |
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Term
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Definition
-athlete's foot
-caused by Trichophyton rubrum or Trichophyton mentagrophytes
-scaling, maceration, itching between toes
-transmitted by carpet and matting |
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Term
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Definition
-jock itch
-groin infection in men
-caused by Trichophyton rubrum and Epidermophyton floccosum
-sharply delineated erythematous borders with nearly normal appearance in the center |
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Term
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Definition
-scalp ringworm
-caused by Microsporum canis |
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Term
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Definition
-body ringworm
-caused by Trichophyton rubrum |
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Term
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Definition
-dermatophyte onychomycosis
-caused by trichophyton rubrum |
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Term
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Definition
-includes Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, and Microsporum
-filamentous hyphae
-treat with topical azoles or oral terbinafine |
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Term
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Definition
-caused by dematiaceous fungi: Fonseacaea, Phialophora, Cladosporidium, Rhinocladiella
-enters hands/feet after trauma
-small, elevated itchy patch --> multiple reddish-purple hard patches --> verrucoid warty cutaneous nodules
-may cause elephantiasis
-sclerotic bodies, thick-walled yeast cell, non-budding, multiplane septation
-dark, velvety colonies
-heat to shrink lesions, antifungals not always effective |
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Term
| Lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis |
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Definition
-caused by Sporothrix schenckii
-contaminated plant matter penetrates the skin and the pathogen forms a nodule, then spreads to nearby lymph nodes
-"Rose Gardener's Disease"
-small papules on an extremity = cutaneous
-enlarged, firm, discolored lymph nodes = lymphocutaneous, becomes sequential
-sparse yeast cells, exoantigen test
-treat with azole |
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Term
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Definition
-progressive, tumor-like disease of hand or foot due to chronic fungal infection
-caused by Madurella, Exophiala, Phaeoacremonium, Fusarium
-traumatic implantation
-non-contagious
-subcutaneous swelling --> ruptures near surface, small particles/grains leak out of lesions
-black, red, white granules
-culture with penicillin to differentiate
-treatment: terbinafine, amputation |
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Term
| Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis |
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Definition
-painless subcutaneous cysts or nasal/sinus/brain infection
-caused by Exophiala, Wangiella, Bipolaris, Curvularia, Alternaria
-traumatic implantation
-cyst has fibrous capsule with central necrosis
-pigmented fungal elements
-treatment: surgery |
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Term
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Definition
-causes Basidiobolomycosis: moveable masses on various parts of body in children
-causes Conidiobolomycosis: swelling of face in young adults
-caused by Basidiobolus ranarum and Conidiobolus coranatus found in leaf/plant debris
-on biopsy: hyphae surrounded by eosinophils
-treatment: azoles |
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Term
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Definition
-Ohio Valley Fever
-moist soil high in nitrogen content, bat and avian habitats
-inhaled conidia convert to budding yeast cells
-phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages and inactivate degradative enzymes
-frequently asymptomatic
-acute: flu-like symptoms and patchy pulmonary infiltrates
-disseminated infection in infants and immunocompromised: anorexia, fatigue, oral ulcers, hepatosplenomegaly
-yeast cells within macrophages
-exoantigen test
-usually self-limiting |
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Term
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Definition
-endemic to southwester U.S. and Latin America
-blocklike arthroconidia while freeliving, spherules with endospores in the lungs
-inhaled from dust
-pulmonary disease: fever, cough, chest pain, possible erythematous macular rash, may become progressive
-disseminated disease: due to defect in cell-mediated immunity
-no culture because it is highly infectious
-exoantigen/nucleic acid tests
-treatment often not necessary, may use aphotericin B or azoles |
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Term
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Definition
-Midwestern and southeastern U.S.
-budding yeast
-pulmonary disease and disseminated disease sim to coccidiodomycosis
-may get chronic cutaneous disease with ulcerating lesions of face, neck, scalp, hands
-exoantigen/nucleic acid tests
-aphotericin B or azoles |
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Term
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Definition
-widespread yeast that is normal flora of mouth, genitals, large intestine, and skin
-thrush: mucous membranes of mouth
-vulvovaginal yeast infection
-diaper rash
-chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: non-healing lesions in AIDS patients
-gastrointestinal, urinary tract, hematogenous infects
-budding yeast cells and pseudohyphae
-growth on CHROMagar to differentiate species
-azoles or amphotericin B |
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Term
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Definition
-bird droppings
-pulmonary infection: cough, fever, lung nodules
-dissemination: lesions on skin, eye, bone
-most common disease: meningitis
-mucoid colonies on culture
-phenol oxidase and urease
-capsule antigen
-treatment: amophotericin B and fluconazole for 2 weeks, then azole for 8 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
-common and benign soil fungus
-allergic aspergillosis: asthma, cough , fever, nasal obstruction, etc
-pulmonary aspergillosis: -fungus ball, requires surgery if hemorrhage occurs
-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: only in immunocompromised pts, coughing up blood
-disseminated aspergillosis: infection of organs and brain
-large, branching, septate hyphae
-culture on mycolic media without cyclohexamide
-treatment: aphotericin B or azole |
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