Details Title: Mycology V Description: Fungi, Fungyou, Fungus Total Flash Cards: 47 Created: 04/17/2009 16:28:41		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Women's & Gender Studies Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Today, I was walking back to my home in the city in the dark. I'm paranoid, so when I saw movement behind me I clutched my mace. The faster I walked, the closer the person seemed to be. I spun around and sprayed my attacker with mace. It was my shadow and the wind blew the mace back into eyes. Definition FML Term Systemic Mycoses Opportunistic Fungi Definition most caused by Candida, C. albicans ubiquitous and low virulence usually most common systematic infectio Term Candida Species 5 Definition albicans (most common) glabrata tropicalis kruseii parapsilosis Term Candida Characteristics Definition 3-5 um yeast, budding buds that fail to detact form pseudohyphae colonies white and creamy (ryan, don't lick them eventhough I know you like white creamy stuff in your mouth) colonies grow on Sabouraud agar, after 24-48 hours at 35C CHROMagar: selective media for presumptive diagnosis Term Lab ID of C. albicans  Germ tube test Definition bovine serum, 35-37C, 2-4 hrs only species that forms germ tubes Term Lab ID of C. albicans  Chlamydoconidia formation Definition corn meal agar, 25C, 2-3 days, form in adverse env. microscopically see large thick-walled fungi only C. albicans forms Term Lab ID of C. albicans Carb. assimilation and ferm. Definition ID diff. species of Candida and yeasts Term Diseases C. Albicans Epi Definition normal enteric flora most infections of endogenous origin isolate from mucosal surfaces of GI tract does NOT imply infection detection of orgaism in blood, lung, liver, sterile sites implies infection Term Diseases C. albicans Types of Infection Definition invade normally sterile tissue overgrowth in normal site Term Diseases C. albicans Sites of Infection Definition Urogenital oropharynx (oral thush) skin CV Term Diseases C. albicans What causes Cutaneous infection Definition Where breakdown in of skin due to:  burns chronic moisture Term Diseases C. albicans Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) Definition occurs in children with genetic defects in leukocyte fxn (T cells) RARE recurrent,severe, ulcerative lesions of skin and mucos areas not systemic Term Pre-disposing factors C. albicans Definition steroids/anticaner agents antiboitoics catheterization metabolic abnormalities neoplasm IV drugs Term Virulence Factors C. albicans Definition grow at high temp.  adhere to cell surfaces produce  proteases Term Diagnosis - Lab C. albicans Definition Directly examine tissue for yeast/pseudohyphae PAS, GMS, calcofluor stains Term Diagnosis - Serology C. albicans Definition antibody not helpful lack of antigen tests with good sensitiviy and specifity Term Therapy C. albicans Definition Topicals for simple cutaneous disease (nystatin, micronazole, clotrimazole) Amphotericin B, liposomal AMB, fluconazole, voriconazole, caspofungin for invasive disease Term Other Candida Definition much less common - C. glabrata, C. kruseii, but on the rise. endocarditis from C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis from IV drug users Term Cryptococcus neoformans Characteristics Definition pigeons major reservoir, feces have a lot will survive in dry env. Term Cryptococcus neoformans Mycology Definition 4-8 um (lil bigger than yeast) single or double buds serotypes (4) A, B, C, and D) Term Cryptococcus neoformans Diseases Definition chronic,subacute, rarely acute pulmonary MENINGITIC INFECTION  enter through pulmonary system AIDS, lymphoma can lead to serious infection Also, likes to live in CNS Term Cryptococcus neoformans Diagnosis - Direct Exam Definition India ink prep on CSF histopatholgoic - GMS, PAS, mucicarmine stain Term Cryptococcus neoformans Diag - Culture Definition CSF, also from blood, tissue, resp. secretions smooth, moist colonies, 35C, 48-72 hrs Term Cryptococcus neoformans Diag - ID Definition capsule by India Ink urease only blastospores pigmented colonies on caffeic acid agar Term Cryptococcus neoformans Diag - Serologic Definition latex agglutination test for cryptococcal polysaccharide in CSF and serum more sensitive! good Term Cryptococcus neoformans Therapy Definition Amp B + 5 FC Fluconazole for long term treatment Term Aspergillus Species Definition fumigatus (most common)  flavus (yellow-brown, carcinoginic toxin)  terreus (resistance to amp B) niger (otitis externa, black) Term Aspergillus Mycology Definition rapildy growing, ubiquitous septate hyline hyphae Conidiophores with terminal vesicles and Phialides produce chains of conidia Term Aspergillus Disease 5 types of disease Definition Inhalation of conidia 1. allergic bronchopulmonary: allergy, no invasion 2. aspergilloma (fungus ball): patients with preexisting cavities in lungs 3. invasive pulmonary: invasion wiht hyphal progression along vascular pathways 4. disseminated: two or more systems 5. mycotoxicoses: ingestion of food with toxins (aflatoxins) Term Aspergillus Disease - other features that make hose more susceptible Definition neutropenia - very impt.; neutrophils needed to kill fungi neoplams transplant chemotherapy and steroids Term Aspergillus Diagnosis Definition look for septate hyphae with 45 degree angle branching GMS, PAS, calcofluor see growth of hyaline in 1-2 days at 25C pigmentation differs betweens species Term Aspergillus Diag - Serologic Definition antibody for allergic disease adn aspergilloma galactomannan antigen is useful in some cases Term Aspergillus Therapy Definition allergic - steroids  aspergilloma - none, surgery invaseive - VORICONAZOLE, lipo amp. B, ABM, caspofungin Term Zygomycetes Species found in bread Definition Rhizopus Mucor Absidia Term Zygomycetes Mycology Definition white colonies, mould rapid growht (1-2 days) 25C hyphae are hyaline and non-septate asexual repro. by sporangia and sporangiospores Term Zygomycetes Mycology Rhizoids Definition Rhizopus - rhizoids directly opposite sporangia Absidia - rhizoids between two sporangia Mucor - no rhizoids Term Zygomycetes Disease Definition acute and fulminant respiratory entry, possibly ear Term Zygomycetes Disease - clinical presentation Definition rhinocerebral (most common) - rapidly progressive, sinus, orbits and brain, infarction, necrosis, diabetes not controlled contributes thoracic abdominal skin (from burns) Term Zygomycetes Diag Definition broad non-septate hyphae 90 degree branching culture - rapid grower no serology Term Zygomycetes Therapy Definition Big guns and surgery Lipid amp B Posaconazole Surgery Term Pneumocystis jiroveci Characteristics Definition pulmonary infection secondary to AIDS Term Pneumocystis jiroveci Mycology Definition trophic form - 1-5 um uninucleated form - 4-5 mature spore case containing 8 oval to fusiform spores (1-3 um) Term Pneumocystis jiroveci Disease Definition resp. tract entry subclinical probabaly common alveolar macrophages and CD4 TCells HALLMARK: Interstitial pneumonitis and plasma cell infiltration Occasional extrapulmonary infection (liver, bone marrow) Term Pneumocystis jiroveci Diag Definition can't grow in culture must look at in tissue bronchial washings and sputum Gomori meth silver stain Giemsa stain immunofluorescent antibody stain Term Pneumocystis jiroveci Therapy Definition Primary: trimethoprim/sulfanmethoxazole 2ndary: clind, pentamidine conrticosteroids in acutely ill, immunosuppressed patients Term Hyalohyphomycoses - did not go over in class Definition ignored. good chart on p 35 Term Methods to ID C. Albicans (3) Definition Germ tube test Chlamydoconidia formation Carbohydrate assimilations and ferm.