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Mycology I and II
Fungus, Fungi
44
Medical
Pre-School
04/17/2009

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Cards

Term
Yeast
Definition
unicellular, reproduce by budding
Term
Mould
Definition
filamentous, have Hyphae and mycelium
Term
Characteristics of Fungi
Definition
Euk, absorptive, zygotic meiosis, unicellular, filementous, 5 divisions
Term
hyphae
Definition
filament
Term
mycelium
Definition
mass of hyphae
Term
Dimorphic
Definition
grows as mould at 25-30C (env or saprophytic phase)
grows as yeast at 35-37C (tissue or parasitic phase)
Term
morphological types of fungi
Definition
yeast, mould, dimorphic
Term
Fungi reproduction
Definition
asexual or sexual
Term
asexual reproduction
Definition
no union ofn nuclei;
anamorphic state of fungi
Term
sexual reproduction
Definition
two compatible nuclei followed by meiosis;
teleomorphic state of fungi
Term
sexual spores
Definition
zygospores, ascospores, basidiospores
Term
asexual spores; sporangiospores
Definition
sporangiospores - sac like structures
exclusively in zygomycetes
Term
asexual spores; conidia
Definition
all anamorphs to divisions other than zyomycota
Term
Germ tube
Definition
distinguish candida albicans from other yeast
Term
CHART ON P 3 THAT LOOKS HELPFUL
Definition
CHART~!
Term
Identification Techniques Yeast
Definition

germ tube

production of chlamydoconidia on corn meal

carb assimilation and ferm.

urease prod.

Term
Identification Techniques Mould
Definition

microscopy stucture of sporulation;

 tease mounts,

scotch tape,

slide culture DNA probes

Term
Direct Examination of Fungi (6)
Definition

1. Gram stains

2. KOH (dermatophytes and yeasts)

3. India Ink (cryptococcus neoformans)

4. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS)

5. Gomori methenamine silver (GMS)

6. calcofluor (flourescent, binds to chitin)

Term
Today, I had to re-take an hour long MRI scan because I got an erection midway through.
Definition
FML
Term
superficial and cutaneous infections (2)
Definition

tinea versicolor

dermatophytosis (takes longer time to grow)

Term
subcutaneous mycoses (3)
Definition

skin to bone

sporotrichosis

chromoblastomycosis

mycetoma

Term

systemic mycoses

 dimorphic (4)

 geographic region important

Definition

histoplasma capsulatum

blastomyces dermatitidis

 coccidioides immitis

 paracoccidioides

Term
systemic mycoses opportunistic (5)
Definition

candida albicans

 cryptococcus neoformans

 aspergillus fumigatus - eyes

 Zygomyces

Penumocystis Jiroveci

Term

Resistance to phag. and modulation of host immune response

blastomyces dermatitidis

Definition
shedding of WI 1 glycoprotein
Term

Resistance to phag. and modulation of host immune response

coccidioides immitis

Definition
urease activity and extracellular protease
Term

Resistance to phag. and modulation of host immune response

histoplasma capsulatum

Definition
modulation of phagolysosome pH
Term

Resistance to phag. and modulation of host immune response

Cryptococcus neoformans

Definition
polysaccharide capsule and melanin production
Term
Virulence Factors
dermatophytes
Definition
keratinase, so it likes skin
Term
Virulence Factors
Candida spp.
Definition
adherence to mucosal surfaces
Term
Pre-disposing factors for fungi risk (8)
Definition
1. immunosuppressive
2. broad-spectrum antibiotics
3. long term catheterization
4. radiation
5. diabetes mellitus
6. hypoparathyroidism
7. blood dyscrasias
8. neoplasm
Term
Antifungal Therapy 5-Fluorocytosine (5FC)
Definition

inhibits nucleic acid (RNA) syn (cytosine antagonist)

resistance development common

combined with amphotericin B may cause bone marrow suppression

Term
Antifungal Therapy Polyenes (amphotericin B, nystatin)
Definition

amphipathic macrolides that bind to ergosterol in cell membranes

disrupt membrane permeability

severe toxicity to host

lipid associated form show reduced toxicity

Term
Antifungal Therapy Azoles
Definition

prevent ergosterol synthesis

inhibit cytochrome p450

disrupt membrane integrity

Term
Antifungal Therapy Azoles First Generation
Definition

miconazole: topical treatment for dermatophytic and Candida

ketoconazole: first zole for parenteral use, Candida

Term

Antifungal Therapy Azoles second generation (4)

first non-toxic parenteral

Definition

 fluconazole: candida spp. and crypto neo.;

alternate to amp. B for therapy and prophylaxis of crypo meningitis in AIDS, some resistance

itroconazole: broad spectrum, dimorphic, dermatophytes

voriconazole: good v. Aspergillus spp., Candida spp.

posaconazole and ravuconazole: new with broad spectrum

Term
Antifungal Therapy
Azoles
second generation (4)
fluconazole
Definition
fluconazole: candida spp. and crypto neo.; alternate to amp. B for therapy and prophylaxis of crypo meningitis in AIDS, some resistance
Term
Antifungal Therapy
Azoles
second generation (4)
itroconazole
Definition
itroconazole: broad spectrum, dimorphic, dermatophytes
Term
Antifungal Therapy Azoles second generation (4) voriconazole
Definition
voriconazole: Aspergillus and Candida
Term
Antifungal Therapy Azoles second generation (4) posaconazole and ravuconazole
Definition
posaconazole and ravuconazole: new with broad spectrum
Term
Antifungal Therapy New Agents
Definition

Echinocandins: lepopeptides, inhibit syn. of component of cell walls.

Terbinafine (Lamisil): inhibits squalene epoxidase, essential enzyme for ergosterol syntheisis, topical or oral for derm infections

Term
Approaches to fungal immunodiagnosis (5)
Definition

1. Detecting specific antibody response

2. Monitoring changes in antibody titers

3. Measuring critical antibody titers

4. Detecting specific fungal antigens in body fluids

5. skin testing

Term

Problems with fungal immunodiagnosis

 Detection of serum antibody

Definition

lack of antibody production

appearance of antibodies late in disease presence of antibodies in non-infected individuals cross reactive anti assay dependent variables that impact titer measurement

Term
Problems with fungal immunodiagnosis
Detection of fungal antigens
Definition
distinguishing infection v clonization
antigens appear late in disease, few tests for antigens b.c of this
specificity of antigens and conservation within a species
Term
Problems with fungal immunodiagnosis
Skin tests
Definition
show infection, but do not distinguish of new or old
cross reactions with other fungi
false positives
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