Term
| The dinosauria contain 2 major groups of dinosaurs |
|
Definition
ornithischia (bird hipped)
and Saurischia (lizard hipped) |
|
|
Term
| theropods or avetheropoda |
|
Definition
"bird theropods" is a clade that includes carnosaurians (and coelurosaurs to the exclusion of other dinosaurs).
maxillary fenestra
complex air chambers = skeletal air pockets for air sacs maybe.. manus # 4 greatly reduced or lost; carnisornia T Rex but ususally were small.. avetheropoda or bird theropods is a clade that includes carnosaurians. |
|
|
Term
| dinosaur.. define Saurischian (lizard hip) |
|
Definition
| Tetropoda .. obligate bipedal...feathers...furcula...5 or more sacral vertebrae..Digit 5 lost in the manus..digit 1 and 5 1 and 4 reduced in the hind foot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a clad that includes most theropod dinosaurs
teeth restricted to front of the jaw
elongation of the manus
interlocking caudal vertebrae
(The Tetanurae ("stiff tails") consist of a number of parallel lineages of theropods, all of which seemed to have evolved
increasingly bird-like features.)
on the handout, it is midway between the avetheropoda and coelurosauria |
|
|
Term
| something about the kingdom, phylum order clad suborder |
|
Definition
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryote
Kingdom: Animalia
vertebrae
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Ornithurae
Class: Aves
Each class is divided into smaller groups called orders, and each order is divided into families.
then genus and species |
|
|
Term
| Coelurosauria “hollow-tailed reptiles” |
|
Definition
had a large brain (biggest brain)
narrow 3 digit manus (4th lost)
long slender feetm
protofeathers
boat-shaped chevron in tail skeleton (C shape with vertebrae ??)
bellow that push air around |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a clade of coelurosaurian dinosaurs
large sternum = laterally projected
increased forelimb length
large semilunate carpal blocks (pully - like system for tendons
broad=vaned feathers
posterior oriented pubis *****like a bird |
|
|
Term
| Eumaniraptora "true maniraptorans" |
|
Definition
lacrimal bone = T shaped
pedal digit # 2 is distally place
distal cevron are split
long feathers on limbs (glider type) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
25 or fewer caudal vertebrae
ulna longer than femur
forearm bones fused
modern bird like scapula and corcorid
asymmetrical feather |
|
|
Term
Pygostylia
Early Cretaceous–>Recent
The earliest known member of the group is the enantiornithine |
|
Definition
| The group pygostylia was intened to encompass all avians with a short, stubby tail, as opposed to the long, reptilian tails of more primitive species like arhaeopteryx lithographica. It was named by Sankar Chattergee in 1997. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dinosaur debate
* no really old dinosaurs
* most groups used are known from the Cretaceous (I think)st Cretaceous mass extinction that wiped out the last of the nonavian dinosaurs. Ichthyornis is perhaps the best-known, closest relative of modern birds.. artheopteryx was during the Mesozoic age |
|
|
Term
| The Chatterjee debate Texas primative bird 225 mya mid Triassic fossil |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| there were a lot of fossils when |
|
Definition
| at the end of the Jurassic |
|
|
Term
| at the end of the _____ fossil # explodes |
|
Definition
| Crustacean .. birds 142 MYA birds are global adaptive radiation |
|
|
Term
| most birds in the crustacean 142 mya belonged to a group called |
|
Definition
"opposite bird"
Enantiornithes (enanti ornithines)
extinct avialans |
|
|
Term
| characteristic of enantiornithinen |
|
Definition
unique trioseal canal
moder balll and socke
elongated pygostyle
lack uncinated processes
had teeth
different tarsometatarsus
Opposite = the articulation between the scapula and the coracoid, the "normal' condition is completely reversed. te articulation of the shoulder bones which has a concave = convex socket joint that is the reverse of that of modern birds
there is a unique formation of the triosseal canal and the metatarsals are fused proximally to distally the opposite of mover birds.. modern birds |
|
|
Term
| by the end of the Cretaceous there was the subclass ______ that looked like birds but some had teeth .. 2 examples |
|
Definition
Ornithurine Fossils sub class ornithure
hesperornitheformes ( looked like loons)
Ichthyoinitheformes |
|
|
Term
| All birds disappeared except for toothless ornithrines when |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the Cenozoic era meaning "new life" is when |
|
Definition
| is the current and most recent of three Phanerozoic geological era, following the Mesozoic Era and extending from 66 mya to the present |
|
|
Term
| the Cenozoic is also know as what ? and why? |
|
Definition
| The age of the mammals .. because the extinction of many groups allowed mammals to greatly diversify so that large mammal dominated it. |
|
|
Term
what is the K/T extinction?
also called the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction, |
|
Definition
| This extinction event marks a major boundary in Earth's history, the K-T or Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, and the end of the Mesozoic Era. Elimination of many lines of animals that were important elements of the Mesozoic Era. The only lines of archosaurs—the group of reptiles that contains the dinosaurs, birds, and crocodilians—that survived the extinction were the lineages that led to modern birds and crocodilians. |
|
|
Term
| Early in the Cenozoic most fauna was what size? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One group of bird predators grew large.. |
|
Definition
the "terror birds"...Andagalenis 7 feet tall and the Titanis 10 feet tall predator in Florida
Diatryma was 7 feet tall and heavy in N. America |
|
|
Term
Which were the first to radiate quickly/
name one of the large flightless birds at early Tertiary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
when were most modern bird families present
and when were most modern genera? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
5 feet tall and 25 ft wing span
among the largest flying birds ever to exist, |
|
|
Term
| what is the quill of the feather called ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the shaft of the feather |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the combination of rachis and calamus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are barbs of the feather? |
|
Definition
| are in the vane and hold it together on the barbs are barbules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contour covert remiges and retrices |
|
|
Term
| what is the fuzzy part of the feather before the vanes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The largest group of theropods |
|
Definition
| Tetanurae + that were 2 major clades carnosauria and coelurosauria |
|
|
Term
| another group of theropods |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| another group of theropods |
|
|
Term
| did confusciusornis have a pygostyle tail |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Meszoic .. large group of birds wings but had clawed wings and snout with teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Theropod dinosaur in Montan found by John Ostrom of Yale |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Archaeopteryx lacked what to fly |
|
Definition
| the supracoracoideus muscles and keel for pectoral muscles |
|
|
Term
Kinasauria
Saurischis
Theropoda
characteristis of theropoda |
|
Definition
obligate bipedal
feathers..true feather maybe not asymmetric
5 or more sacral vertebrae
furcula
# t digit lost in the manus
digit 1 and 5 in the manus and 1 and 4 reduced inthe hind foot
reduction or loss of the outer two fingers.
Three main toes were directed forward and splayed in a V-shaped arrangement; an additional inside toe was directed medially or backward. |
|
|
Term
| Theropoda clads probably to try to know characteristics of |
|
Definition
Tetanarae: teeth restricted to the front of thejaw...elongation of manus..interlocking vaudal vertebrae
Avetheropods ..maxillary fenestra..complex air chambers..skeleton air pocket .. manus # 4 greatly reduced T Rex
Coelurosauria = large brain biggest brain..narrown3 digit manus 4th lost..boat shaped chevron on tail skeleton |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of a series of bones in the ventral (under side) of the tail ..Diplodocus was a dinosaur ..the name means double beamed.. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Coeiurosaurs big brains tridactyl hand protofeathers in the Cretaceous period |
|
|
