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| Map of Al-Andalus, the Muslim Spanish empire. |
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| The Islamic Caliphate that ruled the Umayyad Empire which included Muslim Spain. |
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| The Great Mosque of Cordoba, an Islamic Mosque built on the site of Visigothic Christian 'Saint Vincent Basilica'. |
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| An Umayyad prince exiled by the Abbasids. Established power over much of Al-Andalus. |
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| Christians who had long lived under Muslim rule, and adopted many Arabic customs. |
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A tax that non-Muslims (Dhimmi) had to pay. |
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| Non-Muslims that lived under the empire's protection. |
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The Battle of Guadalete was faught in 711 or 712 at an unidentified location between the Christian Visigoths and an invading force of Muslim Arabs and Berbers. |
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| Taifas,administrative divisions of the Umayyad Caliphate that were similar to states. |
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| Second and third dynasties that ruled over al-Andalus. |
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Isabella and Ferdinand,
Spanish King and Queen that drove Muslims out of Spain. |
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| A tribute paid by the Taifas (states/kingodms) of Al-Andalus to the Christian kingdoms of the north. |
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| Ivory carvings, such as this one, were a common form of art work. |
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Averros, founder of the Averroism school of philososphy, was highly influential in the rise of secular thought in al-Andalus and Western Europe. |
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| Gold Dinar, the form of currency used in al-Andalus. |
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| A term used to adress non-Arab Muslims. |
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| Cordoba, the capital of Al-Andalus. |
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| Muslims of ethnic Iberian origin. |
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| Muslims from northern Africa that lived in Al-Andalus. |
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| Bridge mills were one of the major innovations created in Muslim Spain. |
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