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| German style...expressive |
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| 1702, group of amateurs who gives concerts |
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| Variations...used in late renaissance and early baroque |
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| Traite' de l'harmonie (who, when, what) |
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| Rameau, 1722, Treatise on Harmony, first treatise on functional harmony |
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| Jesu, Juva or Soli Deo Gloria |
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| tuning with 12 equidistant semitones |
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| short aria in simple style...Handel |
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| Pio Ospedale della Pieta (what, where, who) |
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| school for girls where instrumental flourished, Venice, Vivaldi |
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| rapid singing of many sllables on one note...opera buffa style |
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| Passion According to St. Matthew (who) |
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| Music for the Royal Fireworks |
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| The Harmonious Blacksmith |
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| The Art of the Fugue (who) |
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| "Christ lag in Todesbanden" (who) |
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| Goldberg Variations (who) |
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| Twelve Method Sonatas (who) |
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| Brandenburg Concertos (who) |
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| What work by Vivaldi for violin and orchestra is an early example of program music? |
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| What works constitute Vivaldi's greatest contribution to Baroque instrumental literature? |
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| Discuss movements of Four Seasons |
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1. La Prima Versa (spring), E, bird song, bubbly
2. La Estate (summer) Bb, bird kuckoo and turtle doves
3. L'Autunno (autumn) F, merry making at harvest, peaceful slumber
4. L'Inverno (winter) f, chattering teeth, shivering from snow...also sitting by fire and outdoor winter fun |
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| Why was Vivaldi not old-fashioned? |
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| Homophonic, slow harmonic rhythm, not baroque sounding |
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| What prolific 18th century composer composed over 4000 works? |
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| In what cities did Telemann work and what Bach job was originally offered to him? |
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| Leipzig, Eisenach, Frankfurt, Hamburg; Leipzig Thomaskirche |
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| What is the significance of Twelve Method Sonatas |
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| What are Telemann's Major contributions |
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| Music was made more accessible to amateurs by simplifying scores, had concerts with both sacred and secular music |
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| What composer first acheived fame as a music theorist? |
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| What is considered as Rameau's operatic masterpiece? (what and when) |
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| What important concepts are presented by Rameau in his Treatise on Harmony? |
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1. Overtone Series
2. Chord is the most important elemant
3. Chord is identified by its root
4. Hierarchy of Chords
5. Chord's function changes in modulation |
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| What type of music did Bach write at his different jobs? |
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Arnstadt, Wiermar - Organ Music
Cothen - clavier, instrumental chamber music, cello suites, brandenburg concertos |
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| For whom was Bach's Music Offering composed? |
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| Frederick the Great of Prussia |
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| What work by JS Bach is a compendium of fugal composition for an unspecified instrument |
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| Cite works by Bach which demonstrate symbolism, throughness of approach |
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Symbolism: Cantata #4
Thoroughness: Jesu Meine Freude |
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| What are the contents of each of the four Clavier-Ubung? |
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I. 6 partitas published seperately
II. Italian concerto and misc. smaller works
III.organ works with preludes, fugues, and chorale settings
IV. Goldberg variations for harpsichord (an aria with 30 variations - one of the best set of variations ever composed) |
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| Who did Handel learn about Italian opera from? |
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| What work by Handelhas a history of being performed for benevolent causes? |
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| Who was Handel's patron in Germany? In England? |
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| Germany Georg Ludwig; England - Queen Anne |
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| What composer is credited with composing the first English oratorios? |
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| Who was one of the first composers to write music in all keys and why was this possible? |
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| Bach - equal temperament tuning |
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| What German-born composer became a naturalized British citizen? |
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| keyboard accompaniment with broken octaves |
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| keyboard accompaniment with broken chords |
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| a comic opera containing elements of tragedy but still humorous |
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| a type of opera that relates the story of a person in peril of death who is saved through heroic endeavors |
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| tragic opera - 3 acts, based on historic figures, plot of choosing duty over love, secco recitative, arias where at the end reflecting on what just happened |
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| a theme symbolizing a certain character, thing, place, idea, or state of mind...a unifying force in many german operas |
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| using the same several measures to conclude different sections of a work |
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| ABA' - last section was ornamentation of first section |
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| a comic opera with 2 acts - evolved from intermezzo |
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| a short, through composed vocal solo, less elaborate than aria |
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| spoken in prose interspersed with verses set to traditional tunes or popular melodies |
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| crushed grace not - characteristic of Scarlatti's sonatas |
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| a section of indeterminate length with impression of stalling or waiting for the entrance of important material |
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| lead tenor in Italian opera |
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| scenes in between acts of a tragic opera used for comic relief |
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| group of stock characters, directly influences intermezzo |
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| political satire song, used preexisting popular melody |
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| german light opera, had spoken dialogue and strophic songs |
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| group of instruments which excludes trumpets and timpani |
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| a strophic song usually recounting an ancient love story or a historic event of gallantry |
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| What are some of the trademarks or ideals of the 18th century "Enlightenment" or "Age of Reason" |
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| skepticism of the church, emphasis on knowledge |
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| Name composers, statesmen, monarchs, and writers who were members of Freemasonry |
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| Schiller, George Washington, Lessing, Swift, Klopstock, Goeth, Beaumarchais, Mozart, Hayden, Frederick the Great, Joseph II, Benjamin Franklin |
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| Name several Enlightenment writers who affected public opinion and thought? |
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| John Locke, Isaac Newton, David Hume, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Denis Diderot, Rousseau |
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| Name several European and American cities which were among the first to offer public concerts int he 18th century |
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| Frankfurt, Hamburg, Leipzig, Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Charleston |
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| What is a Lombardic rhythm? Who liked to use it? |
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| Scottish snap, short note on the beat, Francois Couperin |
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| What is the significance of HC Koch's Treatise on Composition? |
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| first to describe sonata form thoroughly |
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| What Italian composer made a significant contribution to early keyboard sonata? How many did he compose? Where did he work? |
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| Scarlatti, 550-600, Spain/Iberia |
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| What were the sequence of movements for the Pre-Classical concerto? |
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| Which composer was the first to use piano for public performance? |
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| Name four composers of Pre-Classical keyboard concertos |
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| W.F. Bach, J.C.F. Bach, J.C. Bach, C.P.E. Bach |
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| Who was the most representative composer of Empfindsamer Stil? |
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| What work established CPE Bach's fame? |
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| Versuch uber die wahre Art das Clavier zu spielen (essay on the true art of playing keyboard instruemnts) |
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| What type of abuses in 18th century opera seria led to opera reform? |
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| Da cappo aria, too much ornamentation |
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| Who wrote Il teatro alla moda (The fashionable Theater) and what was its importance? |
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| Benedetto Marcello, stated the state of opera of the time and its abuses and said it needed to fixed |
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| Name the title and composer of the first important intermezzo |
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| La Serva Padrona - Pergolesi |
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| What "pamphlet war" was touched off by the performance of an Italian intermezzo in a French opera in paris? |
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| The War of the Vuffoonists in August 1752 |
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| What was the 1st complete opera buffa to receive international acclaim? |
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| Il Flosofo di Campagna (The Country philosopher), Baldassare Galuppi, 1754 |
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| What opera by Mozart represents perfection of drama giocoso? |
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| What is another name for Italian opera overture? |
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| What forms did pre-classic symphony derive from? |
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| trio sonata and baroque concerto |
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| Who wrote the first symphony? |
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| Pre-Classic Symphony gets its name and derives from what? |
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| Who were the major composers of the Pre-Classic symphony? |
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| Stamitz, Sammartini, CPE Bach |
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