Term
achondroplasia
- cause
- symptoms |
|
Definition
- FGFR3 inhibits chondrocyte proliferation so no endochondral ossification
- large head, dwarfism, normal life span and fertility |
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Term
| type I vs type II osteoporosis |
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Definition
type I = posmenopausal; inc bone resorption due to dec estrogen
tpe II = effects men and women > 70 |
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Term
|
Definition
| trabecular bone loss mass and interconnections despite normal bone mineralization and labs |
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Term
| acute back pain, loss of height, kyphosis |
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Definition
| vertebral crush fractures |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
osteoporosis
- prophylaxis
- treatment |
|
Definition
- exercise and Ca ingestion
- bisophosphonates, estrogen, calcitonin or pulsatile PTH |
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Term
|
Definition
| failure of bone resorption due to deficiency of CA II |
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Term
| symptoms of osteopetrosis |
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Definition
| marble bones, dec marro space -> pancytopenia, inc infection; inc extra medullary hepatopoiesis; XR = erlenmeyer flast bones; CN impingement and palsies |
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Term
|
Definition
| Vit D deficiency -> defective mineralization of osteoid -> soft bones |
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Term
pager's disease
- cause
- symptoms |
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Definition
- inc both osteoblastic and osteoclastic, may be related to paramyxovirus
- chalk stick fracture, high-output cardiac failure; inc hat size, hearing loss |
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|
Term
lab values:
- osteoporosis
- osteopetrosis
- osteomalacia/rickets
- osteitis fibrosa cystica
- pagets |
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Definition
- normal
- normal
- dec= ca and phos; inc= PTH
- dec= phos; inc= Ca, ALP, PTH
- inc ALP |
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Term
| polyostotic fibrous dysplasia |
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Definition
| bone replaced by fibroblasts, collagen, and irregular bony trabeculae |
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Term
|
Definition
| polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty and cafe-au-lait spots |
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Term
giant cell tumor
- epidemiology
- location
- characteristics |
|
Definition
- 20-40 y/o
- epiphyseal end of long bones
- double bubble, spindle shaped cells with multinucleate giant cells |
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Term
osteochondroma
- epidemiology
- location
- characteristics |
|
Definition
- most common benign tumor, men <25
- long metaphysis
- mature bone with cartilaginous cap |
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Term
osteosarcoma
- epidemiology
- predisposing factors
- location
- characteristics |
|
Definition
- 2nd most common 1' malignant bone tumor, men 10-20
- Paget's, bone infarcts, radiation, familial retinoblastoma
- metaphysics of long bones, knee
- codman's triangle or sunburst patter on XR |
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|
Term
ewings sarcoma
- epidemiology
- location
- characteristics |
|
Definition
- boys <15 y/o
- diaphysis of long bones, pelvis, scapula and ribs
- small blue cell, aggressive, onion skin in bone, t(11;22) |
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|
Term
chondrosarcoma
- epidemiology
- location
- characteristics |
|
Definition
- men 30-60
- pelvis, spine, scapula, humerus, tibia, or femur
- 1' origin, expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| wear and tear of joints leads to destruction of articular cartilage, subchondral cysts, sclerosis, osteophytes, eburnation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| age, obesity joint deformity |
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Term
|
Definition
| pain in weight-bearing joints after use, improving with rest; noninflammatory no systemic symptoms |
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Term
|
Definition
- autoimmune, Type III HSR with +rheumatoid factor; anti-CCP
- MCP, PIP, behind knee = Baker's, ulnar deviation, rheumatoid nodules |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| morning stiffness lasting > 30 min and improves with use, symmetric joint involvement, systemic symptoms = fever, fatigue, pleuritis, pericarditis |
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Term
|
Definition
| NSAIDS, COX2 inhibitors, DMARDS |
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Term
sjogrens
- triad
- other symptoms
- Ab |
|
Definition
- xeropthalmia, xerostomia, arthritis
- parotid enlargement, inc risk of B cell lymphoma, dental carries
- SS-A (Ro) and SS-B (La) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| drys eyes, dry mouth, nasal and vaginal dryness, chronic bronchitis, refulx esophagitis; NO ARTHRITIS |
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Term
Gout
- causes
- findings
- symptoms |
|
Definition
- Lesch-Nyhan, PRPP excess, dec excretion, inc cell turnover, Von-Gierke's
- needle shaped crystals with neg birefringetn (yellow when parallel)
- asymmetric joint, swollen red and painful; MTP of big toe = podagra |
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Term
|
Definition
| external ear, olecranon bursa or achilles |
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|
Term
| acute gout attack precipitants |
|
Definition
| large meal or alcohol consumption |
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Term
pseudogout
- crystals
- symptoms |
|
Definition
- calcium pyrophosphate; positive birefringenet, basophilic rhomboid
- large joints (knee) <50 |
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|
Term
|
Definition
S aureus, streptococcus, N gonorrhea
swollen, red and painful |
|
|
Term
| chronic infectious arthritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HLA with seroneg spondyloarthropaties |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| asymmetric; dactylitis; "pencil in cup" deformity on XR; <1/3 of psoriasis pts |
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Term
|
Definition
| spine and sacroiliac fusion; uveitis, aortic regurg |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| conjunctivitis and ant uveitis (can't see), urethritis (can't pee), arthritis (can't climb a tree) |
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|
Term
SLE
- epidemiology
- symptoms
- labs |
|
Definition
- 90% female, black age 14-15
- fever, fatigue, weight loss, LIbman Sacks, LAD, raynauds, wire-lop lesion in kidney
- ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-smith, antihistone, false+ VRDL |
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|
Term
polymyalgia rheumatica
- symptoms
- findings
- treatment |
|
Definition
- pain and stiffness in proximal joints with fever, malaise and weight loss; with temporal arteritis
- inc ESR, normal CK
- prednisone |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| women 30-50; MSK pain with stiffness, parasthesia, poor sleep and fatigue; >11/18 points |
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Term
|
Definition
| symmetric prox mm weakness by CD8 T cell injury of myofibers; |
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Term
|
Definition
| polymyositis with malar rash, gottran's papules, heliotrope rash, "shawl and face" rash, "mechanic's hands"; perifascicular atrophy |
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|
Term
lab findings in polymyositis and dermatomyositis
- tx |
|
Definition
inc CK, inc aldolase, +ANA and anti-Jo-1
- steroids |
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Term
|
Definition
| most common; auto-Ab to AchR -> ptosis, diplopia and general weakness; thymoma; AchE inhibitors; worse with use |
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Term
|
Definition
| auto-Ab to Ca channels; small cell lung; improves with use; no reversal with AchE inhibitors |
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Term
|
Definition
| auto-Ab to Ca channels; small cell lung; improves with use; no reversal with AchE inhibitors |
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Term
|
Definition
| widespread skin involvement, rapid progression ,early visceral involvement, Scl-70 (anti-topoisomerase I) |
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Term
|
Definition
| calcinosis, anticentromere Ab, raynaud's, esohpageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia; confined to fingers and face more benign |
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Term
|
Definition
| excessive fibrosis and collagen deposition throughout body; puffy and taut skin with absence of wrinkles; sclerosis of renal, pulmonary cardiovascular and GI symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| small fluid containing blister |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| large fluid containing blister |
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Term
|
Definition
| irregular raised lesion resulting from scar hypertrophy on skin in blacks |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| dried exudates from a vesicle, bulla or pustule |
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Term
|
Definition
| inc thickness of stratum corneum |
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Term
|
Definition
| hyperkeratosis with retention of nuclei in stratum corneum |
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Term
|
Definition
| separation of epidermal cells |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arts, cauliflower like; hyperkeratosis with koilocytosis; condyloma aluminum on genitals |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hives; pruritic wheals that form after mast cell degranulation |
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Term
|
Definition
| pruritic eruption on skin flexures; with asthma and allergic rhinitis |
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Term
|
Definition
| type IV HSR following allergen like nickel or poison ivy |
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Term
psoriasis
- skin
- layers
- sign
- associated with |
|
Definition
- silvery scaling on knees and elbows with parakeratotic scaling; munro micro abscesses
- inc spinsoum and dec granulosum
- Auspitz = bleeding when scraped off
- nail pittin and arthritis |
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Term
|
Definition
| flat greasy pigmented epithelial prolix with keratin filled cysts; look passed on on head, trunk and extremities |
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Term
|
Definition
| sudden appearance of multiple seborrheic keratoses with underlying malignancy |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| dec melanin production due to dec tyrosinas; failure of NC cell migration in development |
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Term
|
Definition
| areas of complete depigmentation by dec in melanocytes |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| hyperpigmentation in pregnancy or OCP use |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| superficial skin infection by S aureus and S progenies; honey colored crusting |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| acute painful spreading infection of dermis and subcutaneous tissues; S progenies or S aureus |
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Term
|
Definition
| deeper tissue injury usually from anaerobic bacteria and S progenies; crepitus from methane and CO2 production |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| exotoxin destroys keratinocyte attachments in granulosum; fever, erythematous rash with sloughing of upper layers of epidermis in newborns and children |
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Term
|
Definition
| white painless plaques on tongue that can't be scraped off; EBV; in HIV patients |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| separation of epidermis upon manual stroking of skin; with pemphigus vulgarism |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what cell type is in the blisters of bullous pemphigoid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dermatitis herpetiformis; with celiac |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| infections (M pneumo, HSV), drugs (sulfa, beta lactam, phenytoin), cancers and uatoimmune; multiple types of lesions |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| fever, bulla formation and necrosis, sloughing of skin and high mortality rate; drug reaction; severe= toxic epidermal necrolysis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| pruritic, purple, polygonal papules; sawtooth infiltrate of lymphocytes at dermal-epidermal junction with HCV |
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Term
|
Definition
| sun exposure; small, rough erythematous or brownish papules; "cutaneous horn" |
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Term
|
Definition
| hyperplasia of spinosum; with hyperinsulinemia, Cushings and visceral malignancy |
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Term
|
Definition
| subcutaneous fat inflammation usually on anterior shins |
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|
Term
| what is erythema nodosum associated with? |
|
Definition
| coccidio, histo, TB, leprosy, strep, sarcoidosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "herald patch" followed days later by "christmas tree" distribution; multiple papular eruptions |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| subcutaneous fat inflammation usually on anterior shins |
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|
Term
skin cancer
- order of prevalence
- order of metastasis likelihood |
|
Definition
- BCC, SCC, melanoma
- melanoma, SCC, BCC |
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|
Term
SCC
- causes
- locations
- histopath |
|
Definition
- excessive exposure to sunlight and arsenic
- hands and face
- keratin "pearls" |
|
|
Term
BCC
- cause
- location
- histopath |
|
Definition
- sunexposure
- upper lip
- pearly papules with telangiectasia; palisading nuclei |
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|
Term
melanoma
- tumor marker
- risk for metastasis
- characteristics |
|
Definition
- S100
- Inc risk with inc depth of tumor
- Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter |
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