Term
| contusions: common causes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| local bleeding under skin |
|
|
Term
| contusion: nursing interventions |
|
Definition
Ice: 15-20 min intermittently for 12-36 hrs
Elevate on pillow |
|
|
Term
| Injury to cervical spine - AKA cervical disk syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hyperextension caused by sudden acceleration/deceleration |
|
|
Term
| whiplash: subjective assessment |
|
Definition
◦complaint of pain in cervical area
■may radiate down arms, fingers
■noted on cervical motion
◦complaint of paresthesia, due to pressure on spinal cord
■may increase during coughing |
|
|
Term
◦complaint of pain in cervical area
■may radiate down arms, fingers
■noted on cervical motion
◦complaint of paresthesia, due to pressure on spinal cord
■may increase during coughing |
|
Definition
| subjective assessment of whiplash |
|
|
Term
| Tightening of cervical muscles |
|
Definition
| objective assessment of whiplash |
|
|
Term
| most common soft-tissue injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| whiplash: objective assessment |
|
Definition
| Tightening of cervical muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| whiplash: medical treatment |
|
Definition
•analgesias
•muscle relaxants
•surgery may be necessary |
|
|
Term
| When might whiplash treatment include surgery? |
|
Definition
| If cervical fracture involved |
|
|
Term
| whiplash: Nursing intervention |
|
Definition
- immobilize
- exercise
- heat therapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wrenching or twisting of joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- area becomes swollen
- spasms
- pain from muscles |
|
|
Term
| sprains: Subjective assessment |
|
Definition
| - pain and tenderness at site |
|
|
Term
| sprains: Objective assessment |
|
Definition
- edema
- bruising
- limited movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sprains: Medical treatment |
|
Definition
| may include surgery if severe - ligaments sewn together/reattached to bone. |
|
|
Term
| sprains: Nursing interventions |
|
Definition
- RICE (rest/ice/compression/elevation)
- monitor 7 P's
- apply heat after 36 hrs |
|
|
Term
| what is a tear in muscle called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| over-stretching muscles and tendons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tear in muscle caused by over-stretching muscles and tendons |
|
|
Term
| Strains: subjective assessment |
|
Definition
- sudden severe pain away from the joint
- pain increases with activity |
|
|
Term
- sudden severe pain away from the joint
- pain increases with activity |
|
Definition
| Strains: subjective assessment |
|
|
Term
| Strains: objective assessment |
|
Definition
- stiffness
- ecchymosis
- edema over injured site |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- calf
- hamstrings
- quadriceps
- lumbosacral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Strains: medical treatment |
|
Definition
- exercise
- surgical repair if completely ruptured |
|
|
Term
| strains: reason for exercise |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscle to exercise to strengthen lumbar region |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Strains: nursing intervention |
|
Definition
- Ice to relieve pain
- use back support
- firm mattress
- sleep with pillow under knees
- don't sleep on abdomen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- involves tearing of the joint capsule
- can be congenital
- can be caused by disease
- can be caused by trauma
- vessels may get ruptured |
|
|
Term
| What "collateral damage" can be caused by a dislocation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involve stretching of joint capsule |
|
|
Term
| involve stretching of joint capsule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- joint is immobile
- length of associated extremity may be changed |
|
|
Term
| Dislocations: objective assessment |
|
Definition
- redness or discoloration
- edema
- limited or no movement
- check 7 P's for signs of severe problems |
|
|
Term
| Dislocations: diagnostics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- procedures to correct joint articulation
- closed reduction
- open reduction |
|
|
Term
| non-invasive procedure to correct articulation of dislocated joints or broken bones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-invasive procedure to correct articulation of dislocated joints |
|
|
Term
| surgical procedure that exposes dislocated joints or broken bones in order to correct positioning/articulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dislocations: Nursing interventions |
|
Definition
- Immobilize the joint and limb
- If splint used, monitor 7 P's
- elevate limb
- Ice first 24 hrs
- heat after first 24 hrs
- pain control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- chemical burns
- ocular trauma
- cervical injury
- upper extremity/chest trauma |
|
|
Term
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: definition |
|
Definition
| painful disorder of wrist & hand induced by compression of the median nerve |
|
|
Term
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: etiology |
|
Definition
- edema of tendon sheath
- affects thumb, index and/or middle fingers
- more common among obese, middle aged women, and those employed in occupation s involving repetitive movement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| edema and swelling around tendon and tunnel space around median nerve and compresses |
|
|
Term
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: subjective assessment |
|
Definition
complaint of burning or tingling in hands
relieved with vigorous shaking or exercising of hands |
|
|
Term
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: objective assessment |
|
Definition
| muscle atrophy of padding next to thumb |
|
|
Term
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: diagnostics |
|
Definition
- Tinel's sign
- EMG: weak muscle response
- MRI: compression flattening of median nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Increased tingling caused by gentle tapping over tendon sheath
- symptom of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Medical treatment |
|
Definition
- Conservative tx: Immobilization
- Aggressive tx: surgery |
|
|
Term
| Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Nursing intervention |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| traumatic injury in which the continuity of the tissue of bone is broken |
|
|
Term
| Fractures: two basic classes |
|
Definition
- open (compound)
- closed |
|
|
Term
| fracture in which skin integrety above/around break is compromised (broken skin) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture in which skin integrety above/around break is compromised (broken skin) |
|
|
Term
| fracture in which skin integrity remains intact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture in which skin integrity remains intact |
|
|
Term
| Open fractures: standard precautionary measure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fractures: Etiology of open fractures |
|
Definition
•skin integrety above/around break is compromised (broken skin): osteomillitus possible
•Tetanus (Td) shot required
•more prone to infection
•surgery likely |
|
|
Term
| Fractures: proper splinting of affected bone |
|
Definition
| splint in current position |
|
|
Term
| fracture that occurs without tramuatic cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture that occurs without tramuatic cause |
|
|
Term
| fractures: general etiology |
|
Definition
◦EDEMA
◦pain at site
◦decreased function - incapable of voluntary movement
◦possible change in curvature or length of bone
◦obvious deformity
◦crepitus and edema
◦WARMTH
◦decreased sensation or paralysis |
|
|
Term
| fractures: greenstic etiology |
|
Definition
◦incomplete fracture
◦common among children (softer bones)
■common sign of abuse |
|
|
Term
◦incomplete fracture
◦common among children (softer bones)
■common sign of abuse |
|
Definition
| fractures: greenstic etiology |
|
|
Term
| fractures: complete fracture etiology |
|
Definition
◦fracture extends completely through the bone
◦both sides of bone affected |
|
|
Term
◦fracture extends completely through the bone
◦both sides of bone affected |
|
Definition
| fractures: complete fracture etiology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone is broken, splintered or crushed into a number of pieces |
|
|
Term
| bone is broken, splintered or crushed into a number of pieces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
◦telescope-like fracture: one bone forceby wedged onto another bone fragment
◦overall bone is shortened |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
◦telescope-like fracture: one bone forceby wedged onto another bone fragment
◦overall bone is shortened |
|
|
Term
| fracture is straight across |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture is straight across |
|
|
Term
| fracture is across at an angle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture is across at an angle |
|
|
Term
| break coils around the bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| break coils around the bone |
|
|
Term
| fracture of distal portion of the radius within 1" of the joint of the wrist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- fracture of distal portion of the radius within 1" of the joint of the wrist
- normally caused when person puts hands out to break a fall |
|
|
Term
◦involves distal end of fibula
◦chipping off piece of the medial malleolus
◦outward foot displacement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
◦involves distal end of fibula
◦chipping off piece of the medial malleolus
◦outward foot displacement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture close to or involving the joint |
|
|
Term
| fracture close to or involving the joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture at the surface of a joint |
|
|
Term
| fracture at the surface of a joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fracture near joint but not involving joint capsule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture near joint but not involving joint capsule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture within the joint capsule |
|
|
Term
| fracture within the joint capsule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fracture healing: vascular |
|
Definition
| fracture will cause bleeding at site and surrounding tissue |
|
|
Term
| fracture healing: Granulation tissue formation |
|
Definition
- hematoma forms, stopping bleeding
- fibroblasts form a fibrin meshwork
- WBCs cause inflammation
- pain, swelling and heat at this stage |
|
|
Term
| fracture healing: Callus formation |
|
Definition
- oteoblasts hold the union of bones together and build new bone (calcium deposits)
- osteoclasts remove dead bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| grating, crackling or popping sounds and sensations experienced under the skin and joints. |
|
|
Term
| grating, crackling or popping sounds and sensations experienced under the skin and joints. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Pain
- Pallor
- Puffiness (edema)
- Paralysis
- Parasthesia (tingling)
- Polar (abnormal temp)
- Pulse (weak or impalpable) |
|
|
Term
| possible effect (and treatment of said effect) of femur fracture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- fractures that, once reduced (returned to normal position) tend to stay in place.
- simple casts or splints required |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- fractures that tend to slip out of proper position.
- requires internal fixation (pins, plates, etc.) |
|
|
Term
| fractures: immediate medical treatment |
|
Definition
* splinting
* preserve body alignment
* elevate area to decrease edema
* apply cold 24-36 hrs
* pain meds
* monitor 7 p's |
|
|
Term
| secondary treatment of simple fractures |
|
Definition
- reduction
- may be closed or open, depending on severity
- fixation of fracture
- may be external or internal, depending on stability
- traction may be necessary |
|
|
Term
| secondary treatment of compound fractures |
|
Definition
- may require debridement
- administer T.T. or Td (tetanus)*
- wound culture (R/O infections)
- antibiotics*
- closure of wound
- immobilize |
|
|
Term
| Fractures: Nursing intervention |
|
Definition
- Diet: high in protein, vitamins (C), calcium and minerals
- monitor for s/sx osteomyelitis, tetanus, gangrene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - neurovasclar - hemorrhage - infection - DVT |
|
|
Term
| Most common type of fractures treated in hospitals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fracture of head of femur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture of head of femur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture of neck and head of hip |
|
|
Term
| fracture of neck and head of hip |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| head and neck of hip is pressed into other bone |
|
|
Term
| head and neck of hip is pressed into other bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common type of hip fracture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| commonly a pathological result of osteoporosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- external rotation and/or shortening of leg.
- inability to move leg voluntarily |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- LOC (especially in elderly)
- severe pain at fracture site
- patients with impacted fracture may not have as much pain as others
- edema
- tenderness
- muscle spasms
- deformity
- decreased function |
|
|
Term
| hip fracture: early nursing interventions |
|
Definition
- Keep area quiet
- neurovascular checks - 7 p's |
|
|
Term
| hip fracture: diagnostics |
|
Definition
- X-ray
- Hgb/Hct
- glucose may be elevated due to stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- surgery
- Buck's or Russel's traction may be applied until patient stabilized for surgery |
|
|
Term
| Purpose for Buck's or Russel's traction |
|
Definition
- control pain and reduce spasms
- Not for alignment or healing |
|
|
Term
| Hip fracture: nursing interventions |
|
Definition
- if dx "tissue perfusion ineffective", check distal pulses
- reduce further complications
- maintain proper alignment through traction and abduction of hip
- turn patient according to DR's order
- monitor drainage (JP or Hemovac)
- I & O
- Incentive spirometers
- foot/leg exercises (increase blood back to heart)
- Isometric exercise: 10-15 times/hr
- TED stockings |
|
|
Term
| Hip fractures: patient teaching |
|
Definition
- Straight leg exercises
- No leg-crossing
- use pillow between legs when turning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
wet
gets hot then cold
24-72 to dry
dry when hard-shiny white
-keep open to air
turn every 2 hours.
-Handle with palms of hand not finger tips-causes pressure points.
- increase limbs on pillows
-can cause compartment syndrome.
-casts will need to be cut
-7ps
-for odur,pain,heat,redness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Maintain-aligment
- reduces pain
- decreases movement. |
|
|
Term
| skin or skeletal traction |
|
Definition
bucks traction is also skin traction,velcro boot Bucks or russels.do not provide bone allignment or healing.
do provide pain relief from muscle spasm from fractures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
balanced tractionrequires counter traction.
pins involved
kirschner
Gardener-wells
crutchfield.purpose is for bone allignment.20-40lbs. |
|
|
Term
| when checking the functionality of alignment,what must be true about the weights. |
|
Definition
| they must not be obstructed. No touching the floor or bed |
|
|
Term
| what are some considerations of nursing care for patient in traction. |
|
Definition
- 7ps
- body alignment
- skin condition |
|
|
Term
| what is an adverse effect of keeping a patient in traction for an extended time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of fractures usually results in open reduction internal fixation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes compartment syndrome? |
|
Definition
| external device or cast,bulky dressing can cause pressure when there is tissue swelling or compression in the area. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inscision into the fascia (fibrous tissue) to allow for compartment tissue to expand and relieve pressure on vessels and nerves. |
|
|
Term
| what is the treatment of fat embolism? |
|
Definition
- O2 2L/min
- High fowlers position
- Bed Rest
- lung scan
- Arterial Blood gas test |
|
|
Term
| How does Lupus erythematosus compare to reumatoid athritis? |
|
Definition
| similar processes, but Lupus involves more body organs earlier in the diseases. |
|
|
Term
| who is most often afflicted with Lupus erythematosus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the signs and symptoms of lupus erythematosus? |
|
Definition
- raised reddened butterfly rash of the nose and both cheeks.
- dry rash may itch
- photosensitive
- fatique, arthralgia, arthritis, mylgia. malaise, decreased weight, mucosal ulcers. |
|
|
Term
| Lupus erythematosus: diagnostics |
|
Definition
- skin lesions are biopsied-looking for inflammation.
- ESR: elevated
- ANA: abnormal antibodies found |
|
|
Term
| treatment of lupus erythematosus |
|
Definition
- decrease inflammation-prevent life threatening organ damage
- treat affected body systems |
|
|
Term
| lupus erythematosus: patient education |
|
Definition
- mild soap,
- pat skin dry,
- protect from sun,
- Exercise to prevent muscle weakness-fatigue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Hard skin
- Auto immune
- causes fibrosis{scarring) then sclerosis hardening of tissues
- women from age 35-55
- relationship with Raynauds
- seen in kidney, lungs, heart, GI |
|
|
Term
| scleroderma: signs and symptoms |
|
Definition
| - usually associated with arthritis - first sign is usually pitting edema - skin becomes taut, shiny, without wrinkles |
|
|
Term
| what medication is used to treat scleroderma |
|
Definition
| steroids and immunosuppressants. |
|
|
Term
| how do you prevent skin breakdown on hip fracture? |
|
Definition
- turn every 2 hrs
- keep heels off bed |
|
|
Term
| what areas does the breakdown affect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hip fractures: post-op nursing |
|
Definition
- administer antibiotics
- turn pt as a whole
- abduct legs with pillows.
- keep 90 degrees sitting |
|
|
Term
| when checking for bleeding in a hip surgery, what do you check for? |
|
Definition
- check hemovac output
- check dressing
- check cell saver
- check for 7ps |
|
|
Term
| what nursing interventions do you give for the 1st 24hrs after a hip surgery? |
|
Definition
1 for 24hrs keep medicated through PCA
2 administer oral meds- proper positioning.
early ambulation with walker and crutches. |
|
|
Term
| how do you ambulate a pt with hip surgery? |
|
Definition
| ambulate early with walker and crutches. |
|
|
Term
| how do you care for jaw injury? |
|
Definition
- Keep wire cutters at bed side
- anti emetic order
- keep suction available. |
|
|
Term
| what are the reasons of amputation? |
|
Definition
| - ischemia-peripheral vascular diseases(diabetic). |
|
|
Term
| what are the types of amputation? |
|
Definition
- BKA- below knee amputataion
- AKA-above knee amputation
upper extremity more specialized |
|
|
Term
| explain post-op care for amputation |
|
Definition
| hemorrhage: check dressing and monitor.have tourniquet nearby. |
|
|
Term
| arthroplasty of hip and knee |
|
Definition
| common surgery for osteoarthritis |
|
|
Term
| preventive assessment for compartment syndrome |
|
Definition
s/s-7ps
note increased pain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- cutting a cast in half
- done to relieve pressure on tissues |
|
|
