Frontalis

• Origin: Galea Aponeurotica
• Insertion: Skin if eyebrows and root of nose
• Action: Raises eyebrows; wrinkles forehead
• Innervation: Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Occipitalis

• Origin: Occipital and Temporal Bones
• Insertion: Galea Aponeurotica
• Action: Pulls scalp posterioly
• Innervation: Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Orbicularis Oculi

• Origin: Frontal and Maxillary Bones
• Insertion: Tissue of the eyelid
• Action: Produces blinking,squinting, and draws eyebrows inferiorly
• Innervation: Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Buccinator

• Origin: Maxilla and Mandible
• Insertion: Orbicularis Oris
• Action: Compresses the cheek(ex- whistling)
• Innervation: Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Orbicularis Oris

• Origin: Arises indirectly from the maxilla and mandible
• Insertion: Encircles the mouth, inserts onto skin and muscles at lateral corners of mouth
• Action: Closes the lips; purses and protrudes the lips, as in whistling and kissing
• Innervation: Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Mentalis

• Origin: Mandible
• Insertion: Skin of the chin
• Action: Protrudes lower lip; wrinkles the chin
• Innervation: Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Masseter

• Origin: Zygomatic Arch
• Insertion: Mandible
• Action: Elevates Mandible
• Innervation: Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)

Temporalis

• Origin: Occipital and Temporal Bone
• Insertion: Mandible
• Action: Elevates Mandible
• Innervation: Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)

Splenius

• Origin: Vertebrae C7 - T6
• Insertion: Temporal and Occipital Bone
• Action: Acting together extend the head; acting alone head is rotated and bent toward the same side
• Innervation: Spinal Nerves

Sternocleidomastoid

• Origin: Sternum and Clavicle
• Insertion: Mastoid process of the temporal bone
• Action: acting together flex the head; acting alone rotates head toward the opposite shoulder
• Innervation: Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

Semispinalis

• Origin: Vertebrae C7-T12
• Insertion: Occipital bone and cervical and thoracic vertebrae (to T4)
• Action: Extends vertebral column and head, rotates to opposite side
• Innervation: Spinal Nerves

• Erector Spinae group- prime movers of back extension, arranged as three vertically running columns from medial to lateral

Spinalis(most medial)

• Origin: Upper lumbar to lower thoracicc vertebrae
• Insertion: Upper thoracic to cervical vertebrae
• Action: Extends vertebral column
• Innervation: Spinal Nerves

Longissimus (intermediate)

• Origin: Lumbar through cerivical vertebrae
• Insertion: Thoracic through cervical vertebrae and rib
• Action: Extend and laterally flex vertebral column
• Innervation: Spinal Nerves

External Intercostals

• Origin: Inferior border of the rib above
• Insertion: Superior border of the rib below
• Action: Elevates rib cage, assists in forced inspiration
• Innervation: Intercostal Nerves

Internal Intercostals

• Origin: Superior border of the rib below
• Insertion: Inferior border of the rib above
• Action: Depress the rib cage, assists in forced expiration
• Innervation: Intercostals Nerves

Respiratory Diaphragm

• Origin: Rib cage, sternum, and lumbar vertebrae
• Insertion: Central tendon
• Action: Prime mover of inspiration
• Innervation: Phrenic Nerve

Pectoralis Minor

• Origin: Ribs 3-5
• Insertion: Scapula
• Action: Stablizes scapula by drawing it forward and down ward
• Innervation: Pectoral Nerves

Serratus Anterior

• Origin: Ribs 1-8
• Insertion: Scapula
• Action: Protracts and holds scapula against the thoracic wall
• Innervation: Long Thoracic Nerve

Trapezius

• Origin: Superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, and vertebrar C7-T12
• Insertion: Clavicle, Scapula
• Action: Elevates, retracts, and rotated scapula
• Innervation: Accessory Nerve (CN XI)

Levator Scapulae

• Origin: Vertebrae C1- C4
• Insertion: Scapula
• Action: Elevates the scapula
• Innervation: Cevical spinal nerves and dorsal scapular nerve

Rhomboids

• Origin: vertebrae C7-T5
• Insertion: Scapula
• Action: Retractes and stablizes scapula
• Innervation: Dorsal Scapular Nerve

Pectoralis Major

• Origin: Sternum, costal cartilages, and clavicle
• Insertion: Humerus
• Action: Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates arm
• Innervation: Pectoral Nerves

Deltoid (anterior fibers)

• Origin: Clavicle
• Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
• Action: Flexes, extends, abducts, and medially rotates arm
• Innervation: Axillary Nerves

Coracobrachialis

• Origin: Scapula
• Insertion: Humerus
• Action: Flexes and adducts arm
• Innervation: Musculocutaneous

Biceps Brachii Long Head Short Head

• Origin: Scapula
• Insertion: Radius
• Action: Weak shoulder flexion(also flexes the elbow and supinates forearm)
• Innervation: Musculocutaneous

Deltoid lateral & posterior

• Origin: Scapula
• Insertion: Humerus
• Action: Flexes, extends, abducts, and laterally rotates arm
• Innervation: Axillary Nerve

Supraspinatus (SITS)

• Origin: Scapula
• Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus
• Action: Assists in arm abduction, stablizes shoulder joint
• Innervation: Subscapular Nerve

Infraspinatus (SITS)

• Origin: Scapula
• Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus
• Action: Laterally rotates arm, stablizes shoulder joint
• Innervation: Supscapular Nerve

Teres Minor (SITS)

• Origin: Scapula
• Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus
• Action: Laterally rotated arm, stablizes shoulder joint
• Innervation: Axillary Nerve

Subscapularis (SITS)

• Origin: Scapula
• Insertion: Lesser tubercle of the humerus
• Action: Medially rotates arm, stablizes shoudler joint
• Innervation: Subscapular Nerve

Teres Major

• Origin: Scapula
• Insertion: Humerus
• Action: Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm
• Innervation: Subscapular Nerve

Triceps Brachii long head

• Origin: Scapula
• Insertion: Ulna
• Action: Extends and assists in arm adduction
• Innervation: Radial Nerve

Latissimuss Dorsi

• Origin: Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, ribs, iliac crest
• Insertion: Humerus
• Action: Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm
• Innervation: Thoracoddorsal Nerve

Biceps Brachii

• Origin: Scapula
• Insertion: Radius
• Action: Flex and supinate forearm
• Innervation: Musculocutaneous

Brachialis

• Origin: Humerus
• Insertion: Ulna
• Action: Flex Forearm
• Innervation: Musculocutaneous

Pronator Teres

• Origin: Humerus and Proximal Ulna
• Insertion: Midradius
• Action: Pronates formarm
• Innervation: Median Nerve

Brachioradialis

• Origin: Humerus
• Insertion: Radius
• Action: Flexes Forearm
• Innervation: Radial Nerve

Triceps Brachii

Long Head

• Origin: Scapula
• Insertion: Ulna
• Action: Extends forearm at elbow
• Innervation: Radial Nerve

Lateral Head

• Origin: Humerus
• Insertion, Action, and Innervation SAME AS ^

Medial Head

• Origin: Humerus
• Insertion, Action, and Innervation SAME AS ^

Supinator

• Origin: Humerus and Ulna
• Insertion: Midradius
• Action: Supinates forearm
• Innervation: Radial Nerve

Palmaris longus

• Orgin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus
• Insertion: Palmar aponeurosis
• Action: Flex wrist
• Innervation: Median Nerve

Flexor carpi ulnaris

• Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus and ulna
• Insertion: 5th metacarpal and pisiform and hammate
• Action: Flex wrist, abducts hand
• Innervation: Ulnar nerve

Flexor carpi radialis

• Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus
• Insertion: 2nd And 3rd metacarpal
• Action: Flex wris, abducts hand
• Innervation: Median Nerve

Flexor digitorum superficialis

• Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus, ulna, and radius
• Insertion: Phalanges of fingers 2-5
• Action: Flexes wrist and middle phlanges of fingers 2-5
• Innervation: Median Nerve

Flexor digitorum profundus

• Origin: Ulna
• Insertion: Phalanges of fingers 2-5
• Action:Flexes distal and proximal interphalangeqal joint, metacarpophalangeal joint, and wrist
• Innervation: Median(lateral half) and ulnae (medial half) nerves

Flexor pollicis longus

• Origin: Radius
• Insertion: Thumb
• Action: Flexes distal phalanx of the thumb
• Innervation: Median Nerve

Extensor Carpi radialis longus

• Origin: Lateral epiconyle of the humerus
• Insertion: 2nd metacarpal
• Action: extends an abducts wrist
• Innervation: radial nerve

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

• Origin: 3rd metacarpal
• Insertion: Extends and abducts wrist
• Action: extends and abduct wrist
• Innervation: radial nerve

Exensor carpi ulnaris

• Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
• Insertion: 5th metacarpal
• Action: extends and adducts wrist
• Innervation: radial nerve

Extensor digitorum

• Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
• Insertion: phalanges of fingers 2-5\
• Action: prime mover of finger extension, extends wrist
• Innervation: radial nerve

External abdominal oblique

• Origin: lower 8 ribs
• Insertion: linea alba
• Action: rotates vertebral column and compresses abdominal contents
• Innervation: Intercostal nerves

Internal abdominal oblique

• Origin: illiac crest
• Insertion: linea alba
• Action: rotates vertebral column and compesses abdominal contents
• Innervation: intercostal nerves

Rectus Abdominus

• Origin: Pubis
• Insertion: xiphois process and ribs
• Action: Flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal contents
• Innervation: intercostal nerves

Transversus abdominus

• Origin: last 6 ribs and illiac crest
• Insertion: linea alba
• Action: compresses abdominal contents
• Innervation: intercostal nerves

ILLACUS

• Origin: illium
• Insertion: Femur
• Action: Flexes thigh
• Innervation: Femoral nerve

Psoas

• Origin: Lumbar vertebrae
• Insertion: femur
• Action: flexes thigh
• Innervation: femoral nerve

Rectus femoris

• Origin: illium
• Insertion: tibia
• Action: flexes thigh and extends knee
• Innervation: femoral nerve

Sartorius

• Origin: illium
• Insertion: Tibia
• Action: Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh
• Innervation: Femoral nerve

Pectineus

• Origin: Pubis
• Insertion: Femus
• Action: Flexes, adducts and medially rotates thigh
• Innervation: Femoral nerve

Gluteus Maximus

• Origin: illium and sacrum
• Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of the femur
• Action: Extends, abducts and laterally rotates thigh
• Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve

Semitendinosus

• Origin: Ischial tuberosity
• Insertion: Tibia
• Action: Extends thigh; flexes knee
• Innervation: Sciatic nerve

Semimembranosus

• Origin: Ischial tuberosity
• Insertion: Tibia
• Action: Extends thigh; flexes knee
• Innervation: Sciatic nerve

Biceps Femoris

• Origin: Ischial Tuberostiy
• Insertion: Fibula
• Action: Extends thigh; flexes knee
• Innervation: Sciatic nerve

Adductor Magnus

• Origin: Ischiopubis ramus
• Insertion: Femur
• Action: Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh
• Innervation: Obturator nerve

Adductor Longus

• Origin: Pubis
• Insertion: Femur
• Action: Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh
• Innervation: Obturator nerve

Adductor Brevis

• Origin: Pubis
• Insertion: Femur
• Action: Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh
• Innervation: Obturator nerve

Pectineus

• Origin: Pubis
• Insertion: Femur
• Action: Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh
• Innervation: Femoral nerve

Gracilis

• Origin: Ischiopubia ramus
• Insertion: Tibia
• Action: Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh; flexes knee
• Innervation: Obturator nerve

Gluteus Medius

• Origin: illium
• Insertion: Femur
• Action: Abducts and aids in medial rotation of the thigh
• Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

Gluteus Minimus

• Origin: illium
• Insertion: Femur
• Action: Abducts and aids in medial rotation of the thigh
• Innveration: Superior gluteal nerve

Tensor fasciae latae

• Origin: illium
• Insertion: illiotibial tract
• Action: Abducts, flexes, and aids in medial rotation of the thigh
• Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve