Shared Flashcard Set

Details

muscular skeletal system
muscular skeletal system
247
Medical
Undergraduate 1
04/22/2009

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
osseous
Definition
bony
Term
collagen
Definition
dense connective tissue strands + bone cells is what composes osseous tissue
Term
osteocyte
Definition
bone cell
Term
ossification
Definition
process of bone formation
Term
epiphyseal line
Definition
is an area of cartilage tissue that is being replaced by new bony tissue as the bone grows
Term
epiphysis
Definition
bony end of a long bone. This area is also known as the epiphyseal plate or the growth plate
Term
-blast
Definition
means embryonic or immature
Term
osteoblasts
Definition
smaller, immature osteocytes
Term
osteoclasts or bone phagocytes
Definition
resorb, or digest, bony tissue inside each bone, thus enlarging the inner cavity
Term
clast
Definition
break
Term
four types of bones
Definition
long,short, flat, irregular
Term
flat bones
Definition
cover soft body parts like skull, pelvis, shoulder pad
Term
Sesamoid bones
Definition
the small rounded bones found near any joint ex: patella: knee cap
Term
epiphysis
Definition
end of the long bone
Term
roximal epiphysis
Definition
is nearer to the midline of the body
Term
distal epiphysis
Definition
the end farther away
Term
diaphysis
Definition
middle shaft is the
Term
metaphysis
Definition
epiphysis and epiphyseal plates change and grow together
Term
articular cartilage
Definition
protect bones from bone to bone contact
Term
bone depressions
Definition
conclavity in bone
Term
bone processes
Definition
projectsions from bones
Term
depression
Definition
help join bones together and offer protection for blood vessels and nerves in the area, opening or hollow space
Term
periosteum
Definition
, which comprises the outermost surface of the long bones, except at the ends of the epiphyses
Term
compact bone
Definition
hardest and densist layer,This layer contains blood vessels that deliver oxygen and nutrients to the bone while also removing waste products such as carbon dioxide
Term
Haversian canals
Definition
channels within the compact bone, vessels are within
Term
Cancellous tissue, or spongy bone
Definition
interior of bones where marrow usu is
Term
red bone marrow
Definition
inner layer of spongy bone, rich in blood and both mature and immature blood cells
Term
yellow bone marrow
Definition
, which is made up mostly of fat cells
Term
endosteum
Definition
lines the medullary cavity within the compact bone, cavity that contains yellow bone marrow
Term
axial skeleton
Definition
the skull, spinal column, ribs and sternum;
Term
appendicular skeleton
Definition
made up of the upper and lower extremities plus the shoulder and pelvic girdles
Term
maxilla (maxill/o),
Definition
maxillary bone, upper jaw bone
Term
mandible (mandibul/o)
Definition
is the lower jaw
Term
alveoli
Definition
sockets
Term
temporomandibular joint TMJ
Definition
The mandible and temporal bone together form the ..
Term
sinuses sinus/o
Definition
small air cavity, lighten the heavy weight of the skull, serves to warm and moisten circulating air
Term
(vertebr/o)
Definition
26 vertebrae separated by pads of cartilage called disks.
Term
lamina
Definition
Any thin, flat layer or stratum of membrane or other composite structure; sometimes used alone to denote the lamina arcus vertebrae.
Term
vertebral foramen/ neural canal
Definition
spinal cord passes through the ..
Term
cervical vertibrae
Definition
C1-7, spine vertebrae near neck
Term
thoracic (thorac/o) vertebrae aka dorsal
Definition
(upper back) are the only ones that articulate with the 12 pairs of ribs and are numbered T1 through T12 aka dorsal: dorsal (dors/o) vertebrae (D1 through D12)
Term
lumbar (lumb/o) vertebrae,
Definition
numbered L1 through L5, are the strongest and largest of the back bones
Term
lumbar
Definition
Pertaining to the loins, the part of the back between the thorax and the pelvis.
Term
costal(cost/o),
Definition
Pertaining to a rib or the ribs.
Term
lumbocostal
Definition
loins and ribs is called....
Term
sacrum (sacr/o)
Definition
curved, triangular bone bottom of spine
Term
coccyx (coccyg/o)
Definition
tailbone
Term
coccygeal
Definition
pertaining to the coccyx is called ...
Term
lumbosacral
Definition
pertaining to the lumbar region and the sacrum is referred to as...
Term
intervertebral disks
Definition
—cartilaginous disks found between (inter-) the vertebrae in the spine
Term
thoracic cavity
Definition
The space enclosed by the ribs, the sternum, the thoracic portion of the vertebral column, the diaphragm, and associated muscles.
Term
sternum (stern/o)
Definition
The longitudinal flattened bone forming the middle portion of the anterior wall of the thorax, supporting the clavicles, and consisting of three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process which is cartilage as well as bone.
Term
costals (cost/o).
Definition
twelve pairs of ribs are called...
Term
appendicular skeleton
Definition
consists of the upper and lower limbs or extremities as well as the pelvic and shoulder girdles. makes body movement possible,protects internal organs
Term
clavicle (clavic/o, clavicul/o)
Definition
collar bone, connects the sternum to each shoulder blade
Term
scapula (scapul/o).
Definition
shoulder blade,
Term
acromion (acromi/o), or acromion process
Definition
lateral extension of the scapula, forming the highest point of the shoulder
Term
acromioclavicular (AC)
Definition
joint where the acromion and clavicle articulate.
Term
upper extremity
Definition
whole length of the arm and hand,
Term
humerus
Definition
The bone extending from the shoulder to the elbow, articulating distally with the ulna and radius and proximally with the scapula. there is nothing humerous about the biceps bone
Term
ulna (uln/o)
Definition
lower arm bone
Term
radius
Definition
lower arm bone
Term
olecranon process
Definition
projection at the upper end of theulna that makes the bony elbow
Term
phalanges (phalang/o
Definition
finger bones, from hand to outside: proximal, middle, distal
Term
pelvic bone, hip bone
Definition
made of three bones fused together
Term
ischium
Definition
lower hib bone is what you sit on
Term
ilium hip bone
Definition
upper, wing shaped part of the bone on each side
Term
pubis bone
Definition
anterior hip bone
Term
femur
Definition
upper leg bone
Term
tibia/fibula
Definition
lower leg bones
Term
calcaneus
Definition
heel bone
Term
metatarsal bones
Definition
foot bones
Term
articular cartilage
Definition
smooth layer of gristle covering contating surface of joints
Term
meniscus
Definition
crescent shaped cartialage found in knee
Term
pubic symphysis
Definition
cartilaginous pad at which two bones fuse together
Term
synovia
Definition
fluid secreted by the synovial membrane are found in joint cavities
Term
bursa
Definition
flid filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another
Term
ligament
Definition
flexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another at a joint
Term
tendon
Definition
band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
Term
aponeurosis
Definition
tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscles to bone
Term
acetabulum (acetabul/o)
Definition
the hip socket for the head of the femur
Term
medial malleolus,
Definition
a bony prominence towards the midline of the body
Term
tarsal bones
Definition
ankle bones
Term
metatarsal (metatars/o)
Definition
bones of the foot
Term
striated, or voluntary, muscles, or skeletal muscles
Definition
These are the muscles responsible for moving all the bones
Term
point of origin
Definition
unmovable bone at the more stable end (nearest the trunk) is the..
Term
point of insertion
Definition
bone at the movable end of the muscle, farthest from the trunk,
Term
antagonistic muscles.
Definition
As one muscle relaxes, the other contracts
Term
Synergistic muscles
Definition
muscles that contract together.
Term
smooth/unstriated muscles/visceral (viscer/o), muscles
Definition
in internal organs, respond from autonomic nerves and cannot be controlled voluntarily
Term
cardiac muscle
Definition
forms wall of heart, involuntary contraction
Term
arthr/o, articul/o),
Definition
joint or articulation—the point at which muscle attaches to bone
Term
range of movement (ROM)
Definition
range through which a joint can be extended and flexed is called its
Term
aponeurosis (aponeur/o).
Definition
strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscle to bone is the ..
Term
plantar flexion
Definition
foot is down
Term
dorsiflexion
Definition
foot is up
Term
pronation
Definition
palm that is down is in ..
Term
supination
Definition
palm that faces up is in..
Term
prone
Definition
lying face down
Term
supine
Definition
lying face up
Term
eversion
Definition
rotating part outwards
Term
inversion
Definition
rotating body part inwards
Term
asthenia
Definition
weakness
Term
clasia, clasis, clast
Definition
break
Term
desis
Definition
surgical fixation, fusion
Term
physis
Definition
growth
Term
schisis
Definition
split, fissure
Term
ankylosis
Definition
abnormal stiffness usu, fixation of a joint usu from rheumatoid arthritis
Term
arthritis
Definition
inflammation of a joint, most common is osteoarthritis and rheumatoid
Term
bursitis
Definition
inflam. of a bursa
Term
chondromalacia
Definition
softening of cartilage
Term
cranioschisis
Definition
fissure of the skull, congenital
Term
diskitis / discitis
Definition
filam of invertibral disc
Term
fibromyalgia
Definition
pain in fibrous tissues and muscles, pain and stiffness of sucles, fatigue and disturbed sleep
Term
kyphosis
Definition
having a hunchback
Term
lordosis
Definition
abnormal codition of sway back bending forward
Term
maxililitis
Definition
inflm of maxilla
Term
meniscitis
Definition
inflam. of a meniscus
Term
myasthenia
Definition
muscle weakness
Term
myeloma
Definition
tumor of the bone marrow, malignant
Term
osteitis
Definition
inflam. of the bone
Term
osteoarthritis (OA)
Definition
inflam of bone and joint,hypertrophy of bones at the margins, and proliferation of bone spurs (exostosis) and cartilage in the joints. It is caused by progressive degeneration ("wear and tear") of the joints
Term
osteochondritis
Definition
inflam of bone and cartilage
Term
osteofibroma
Definition
tumor of bone and fibrous tissue, benign
Term
osteomalacia
Definition
softening of bones
Term
osteomyelitis
Definition
inflam. of bone and bone marrow, caused by bacterial infection
Term
osteopenia
Definition
abnormal reduction of bone mass from inadequate replacement of bone lost to normal bone lysis
Term
osteosarcoma
Definition
malignant tumor of the bone
Term
polymyositis
Definition
inflam of many
Term
rachischisis
Definition
fissure of vertebral column, congenital aka spina bifida
Term
rhabdomyolysis
Definition
dissolution of striated muscle, causes can be trauma, exertion and drug toxicity, renal failure can result
Term
scoliosis
Definition
abnormal (lateral) curve of the spine
Term
spondylarthritis
Definition
inflam. of vertebral joints
Term
spondylosis
Definition
abnormal condition of vertebra, gneral term
Term
synoviosarcoma
Definition
malignant tumor of synovial membrane
Term
tendinitis/tendonitis
Definition
inflam. of a tendon
Term
tenosynovitis
Definition
infam. of a tendon and synovial membrane
Term
exososis
Definition
abnormal benign growth on the surface of a bone, spur
Term
fracture
Definition
fx
Term
colles fracture
Definition
type of wrist fracture, at lower end of raidus
Term
bunion/hallux valgus
Definition
abnormal enlargment of joint at base of great toe
Term
ankylosing spondylitis aka strumpell marie arthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis
Definition
form of arthritis that first affects the spine and adjacent structures causes forward bend of the spine
Term
carpal
Definition
wrist bones
Term
radiograph
Definition
A film image of the internal structures of the body obtained by passing x-rays or gamma rays through the body and allowing that radiation to act on specially sensitized film.
Term
MRI
Definition
uses magnetic properties to record detailed information about internal structures
Term
CT scan
Definition
records "slices" or planes of the body for diagnostic purposes.
Term
dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, or DEXA scan.
Definition
This procedure involves taking x-rays of bones in the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist and how well x-rays penetrate these bones
Term
electromyography (EMG)
Definition
This process involves recording the strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation
Term
Arthrography
Definition
involves taking x-rays, or radiographs, after injecting the joint with opaque contrast material
Term
arthrogram
Definition
the result of arthrography
Term
bone scan
Definition
injecting a radioactive phosphate substance into the area under examination and then measuring the substance's uptake with a special scanning device
Term
arthrocentesis
Definition
the joint space is punctured with a surgical needle and synovial fluid is removed for analysis
Term
rheumatoid factor
Definition
Lab test that looks for a substance present in the blood of those who have rheumatoid arthritis.
Term
arthroscopy
Definition
small surgical instruments are passed into the joint for surgical repair
Term
endoscope
Definition
An illuminated optic instrument used for visual examination of the interior of a cavity or hollow viscus; may be inserted through a natural opening in the body or through an incision.
Term
arthroplasty
Definition
surgical repair of a joint is called
Term
arthrotomy
Definition
incision into a joint is called
Term
total hip replacement (THR), or total hip arthroplasty (THA)
Definition
shown in the illustration, the femoral head and acetabulum are replaced with prostheses
Term
prosthesis
Definition
artificial substitutes that are cemented into the bone
Term
total knee replacement (TKR)
Definition
involves replacement of the entire knee joint, either unilaterally or bilaterally
Term
osteoplasty
Definition
Surgical repair of the bone in general is called
Term
osteotome
Definition
instrument used to cut into bone is an
Term
tenomyoplasty
Definition
surgical repair of a muscle and tendon
Term
reduction
Definition
alignment
Term
malunion
Definition
If a bone does not mend and realign correctly
Term
nounion
Definition
no healing takes place
Term
debridement
Definition
removal of debris is called
Term
closed reduction
Definition
no incision is necessary to align the bone
Term
open reduction
Definition
alignment can only occur by making an incision
Term
external fixation
Definition
the use of devices external to the body that produce traction
Term
ORIF
Definition
is an abbreviation that means open reduction and internal fixation
Term
CREF
Definition
means closed reduction and external fixation
Term
laminectomy
Definition
excision of the lamina
Term
endoscopic diskectomy
Definition
remove the disk by aspirating it through a tube inserted through the skin
Term
diskectomy
Definition
excision of an invertebral disk is called
Term
chondroplasty
Definition
surgical repair of cartilage
Term
costectomy
Definition
excision of a rib
Term
cranioplasty
Definition
surgical repair of the skull
Term
maxillectomy
Definition
excision of the maxilla
Term
meniscectomy
Definition
excision of the meniscus
Term
myorrhaphy
Definition
suture of a muscle
Term
ostectomy
Definition
excision of a bone
Term
osteoclasis
Definition
surgical breaking of a bone to correct a deformity
Term
patellectomy
Definition
excision of the patella
Term
phalangectomy
Definition
excisinon of a finger or a bone
Term
rachiotomy
Definition
incision into the vertebral column
Term
spondylosyndesis
Definition
fusing together of the vertebrae partial forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one beneath it.
Term
synovectomy
Definition
excision of the synovial membrane
Term
tarsectomy
Definition
excison of tarsal bone
Term
tenomyoplasty
Definition
surgical repair of a tendon and muscle
Term
tenorrhaphy
Definition
suture of a tendon
Term
vertebroplasty
Definition
surgical repair of the vertebra
Term
aponeur/o
Definition
aponeurosis
Term
arthr/o
Definition
joint
Term
burs/o
Definition
bursa, cavity
Term
chondr/o
Definition
cartilage
Term
disk/o
Definition
intervertebral disk
Term
menisc/o
Definition
meniscus, crescent
Term
synovi/o
Definition
synovi, synovial membrane
Term
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
Definition
tendon
Term
ankyl/o
Definition
crooked, stiff, bent
Term
kinesio/o
Definition
movement, motion
Term
kyph/o
Definition
hump
Term
lamin/o
Definition
lamina, thin, flat plate or layer
Term
lord/o
Definition
bent foward
Term
myel/o
Definition
bone marrow
Term
my/o, myos/o
Definition
muscle
Term
oste/o
Definition
bone
Term
petr/o
Definition
stone
Term
scoli/o
Definition
crooked, curved
Term
asthenia
Definition
weakness
Term
muscular dystrophy (MD),
Definition
which is characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers
Term
dystrophy
Definition
abnormal development
Term
Atrophy
Definition
means wasting or without development
Term
Duchenne muscular dystrophy,
Definition
muscle atrophy generally begins soon after birth
Term
Myasthenia gravis (MG)
Definition
is a chronic disease characterized by muscle weakness. It is thought to be caused by a defect in the transmission of impulses from nerve to muscle cell
Term
Polymyositis
Definition
is a chronic inflammatory myopathy believed to be an autoimmune disordermuscle weakness with pain, the patient typically exhibits a rash over the face, eyes, and limbs
Term
Rhabdomyolysis
Definition
is the dissolution (-lysis) of striated muscle from trauma, extreme exertion, or drug toxicity
Term
rhabdomy/o
Definition
striated or skeletal muscle
Term
spontaneous fractures/pathologic fracture
Definition
a result of traumatic injury or as a response to deterioration or progressive weakening from disorders such as osteoporosis or cancer
Term
simple fracture
Definition
does not rupture the skin
Term
compound fracture
Definition
splits open the skin
Term
Colles fracture,
Definition
a wrist fracture which occurs at the lower end of the radius with the distal fragment being displaced backward
Term
Osteopetrosis
Definition
is an abnormal condition of stone-like bones that is caused by increased formation of bone
Term
Osteonecrosis
Definition
is an abnormal death of bone tissue.
Term
osteosarcinoma
Definition
malignant tumor of the bone
Term
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
Definition
In this condition, the median nerve is squeezed or constricted by a wrist ligament
Term
arthralgia
Definition
generalized pain in the joints, called
Term
systemic lupus erythematosus, or SLE,
Definition
the collagen in connective tissue throughout the body becomes chronically inflamed spreads to the skin, kidneys, nervous system, heart, and lungs,key symptoms include a red, scaly rash over the nose and cheeks, pyrexia (fever), polyarthralgia and malaise. This chronic autoimmune disease is not curable
Term
pyrexia
Definition
(fever),
Term
gout
Definition
excessive amt of uric acid in blood casues sodium urate crystals, tophi to be deposited in the joints exp great toe creating arthritis,can cause extremely painful swelling of a joint, accompanied by fevers and chills
Term
Spinal stenosis
Definition
is the abnormal condition of the narrowing of the lumbar spinal canal with attendant pain.
Term
spina bifida
Definition
Congenital fissure of the vertebral column is known as
Term
sciatica
Definition
An inflammatory condition, commonly characterized by pain along the course of the nerve and sometimes leading to a wasting of the lower leg muscles.
Term
herniated disk/ruptured disk
Definition
slipped disk which is a protrusion of the central part of the disk that lies between the vertebra, resulting in compression of the spinal cord and pain
Term
diaphysis
Definition
shaft of the long bones
Term
endosteum
Definition
membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone
Term
lyme disease
Definition
infection caused by bacteria carried by ticks. rash, fluelike symptoms, headach, fever, joint pain and fatiguetreatment is antibiotics
Term
muscular distrophy
Definition
group of hereditary diseases caused by degneration of muscle and weakness
Term
myasthenia gravis MG
Definition
chronic disease with muscle weakness, perhaps from defect of impuses from nerves to muscles, affects face, larynx and throat
Term
spondylolisthesis
Definition
partial forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one beneath it
Term
arthrocentesis
Definition
surgical puncture of a joint to aspirate fluid
Term
ganglionectomy
Definition
excsion of ganglion
Term
neurectomy
Definition
excision of a nerve
Term
neurolysis
Definition
seperating a nerve from adhesions
Term
neuroplasty
Definition
surgical repair of a nerve
Term
neurorrhaphy
Definition
suture of a nerve
Supporting users have an ad free experience!