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Muscles
Insertion, Origin, and Action
68
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/13/2011

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Term
Masseter
Definition
Origin: Zygomatic arch; Insertion: Angle of Mandible; Action: Elevates and protracts jaw
Term
Temporalis
Definition
Origin: Frontal and parietal; Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible; Action: Elevates jaw
Term
Medial Pterygoid
Definition
Origin: Shenoid; Insertion: medial surface of angle on mandible; Action: Medial and lateral excursion
Term
Lateral Pterygoid
Definition
Origin: Shenoid; Insertion: Mandibular condyle; Action: Medial and lateral excursion
Term
Sternocleidomastoid
Definition
Origin: Sternum and clavicle; Insertion: Mastoid process; Action: Flexion and rotation of head
Term
External, Internal, and Innermost Intercostals
Definition
Origin: Inferior margin of rib above; Insertion: Superior margin of rib below; Action: Inspiration and experation
Term
External abdominal oblique
Definition
Origin: Posterior surface of ribs 5-12; Insertion: Linea alba via rectus sheath; Action: flexion at waist
Term
Internal abdominal oblique
Definition
Origin: Back fascia, illium; Insertion: Linea alba via rectus sheath; Action: Flexion at the waist
Term
Transversus abdominis
Definition
Origin: Ribs 5-12, back fascia, illium; Insertion: Linea alba via rectus sheath; Action: Flexion at waist
Term
Rectus abdominis
Definition
Origin: Pubis; Insertion: Xiphoid and costal cartiliage; Action: Flexion at waist
Term
Splenius capitis
Definition
Origin: Cervical vertebrae; Insertion: Occipital; Action: Head extension
Term
Trapezius
Definition
Origin: Occipital, thoracic vertebrae; Insertion: Scapula and clavicle; Action: Head extension, respiration, back extension, shoulder retraction
Term
Rhomboid Major
Definition
Origin: Thoracic Vertebrae; Insertion: Medial border of scapula below spine; Action: Should retraction and braces shoulder
Term
Rhomboid Minor
Definition
Origin: Thoracic Vertebrae; Insertion: Medial border of scapula above spine; Action: Should retraction and braces shoulder
Term
Levator scapulae
Definition
Origin: Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae; Insertion: Superior angle of scapula; Action: Elevates scapula
Term
Erector Spinae- Spinalis
Definition
Origin: Vertebral spinous processes; Insertion: Vertebral spinous processes; Action: Erects the spine and some lateral flexion
Term
Erector spinae- Longissimus
Definition
Origin: Vertebral transverse processes; Insertion: Vertebral transverse processes; Insertion: Erects the spine and some lateral flexion
Term
Erector spinae- Iliocostalis
Definition
Origin: Illium, lumbar transverse processes; Insertion: Angle of the ribs; Action: Erects the spine and some lateral flexion
Term
Pectoralis Minor
Definition
Origin: Ribs 4-6; Insertion: Coracoid process; Action: Draws scapula laterally and assists in respiration
Term
Pectoralis Major
Definition
Origin: Clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages 1-6; Insertion: Anterior surface of proximal humerus; Action: Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates humerus
Term
Serratus Anterior
Definition
Origin: Anterior chest wall (on ribs); Insertion: Anterior surface of medial border of the scapula; Action: Scapular protraction, depression, and lateral rotation.
Term
Deltoid
Definition
Origin: Scapula, clavicle; Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus; Action: Shoulder abduction, flexion and extension
Term
Teres Major
Definition
Origin: Inferior angle of scapula; Insertion: Anterior surface of proximal humerus; Action: Medially rotates and extends arm
Term
Latissimus Dorsi
Definition
Origin: Ilium, lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae; Insertion: Anterior surface of proximal humerus; Action: Medially rotates and extends the arm
Term
Supraspinatus
Definition
Origin: Posterior scapula; Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus; Action: Stabilizes the shoulder joint and assists in abduction of arm
Term
Infraspinatus
Definition
Origin: Posterior scapula; Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus; Action: Stabilizes the shoulder and assists in abduction of arm
Term
Teres Minor
Definition
Origin: Lateral border and posterior surface of scapula; Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus; Action: Stabilizes the shoulder joint and assists in abduction of arm
Term
Subscapularis
Definition
Origin: Anterior surface of the scapula; Insertion: Lesser tubercle; Action: Stabilizes shoulder joint medially rotates arm
Term
Pelvic floor muscles (perinium)
Definition
Origin and Insertion: Pubis, ischium, coccyx; Action: Keeps visceral organs from passing through pelvic outlet. Assists with continence. And much more.
Term
Biceps Brachii
Definition
Origin: Scapula; Insertion: Radial tuberosity; Action: Flexion at the forearm
Term
Brachialis
Definition
Origin: Anterior of distal humerus; Insertion: Coronoid process of ulna; Action: Flextion at the forearm
Term
Triceps brachii
Definition
Origin: Scapula and posterior humerus; Insertion: Olecraneon process of ulna; Action: Extension of the forearm
Term
Supinator
Definition
Origin: Lateral epicondyle; Insertion: Proximal radial shaft; Action: Supinates the forearm
Term
Pronator teres
Definition
Origin: Medial epicondyle; Insertion: Radial shaft; Action: Pronates the forearm
Term
Pronator Quadratus
Definition
Origin: Distal ulnar shaft; Insertion: Distal radial shaft; Action: Pronates the forearm
Term
Brachioradialis
Definition
Origin: Lateral side of the distal humerus; Insertion: Lateral surface of the radius; Action: Flexion of the forearm
Term
Flexor carpi radialis, Palmaris longus, Flexor carpi ulnaris
Definition
Origin: Medial epicondyle; Insertion: Carpal bones; Action: Flexion at the wrist
Term
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Definition
Origin: Medial epicondyle, superior half of radius; Insertion: Phalanges; Action: Flexion at the digits
Term
Flexor digitorum profundus
Definition
Origin: Proximal ulna and interosseous membrane; Insertion: Phalanges; Action: Flexion at the digits
Term
Flexor pollicis longus
Definition
Origin: Radius and interosseous membrane; Insertion: Phalanges; Action: Flexion at the thumb
Term
Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor carpi ulnaris
Definition
Origin: Lateral epicondyle; Insertion: Base of metacarpals on radial or ulnar side; Action: Extension at wrist
Term
Extensor digitorum, Extensor digiti minimi
Definition
Origin: Lateral epicondyle; Insertion: Phalanges; Action: Extension at the digits
Term
Extensor pollicis longus
Definition
Origin: Posterior ulna; Insertion: Thumb; Action: Extends thumb
Term
Extensor pollicis brevis
Definition
Origin: Posterior radius; Insertion: Thumb; Action: Extends the thumb
Term
Abductor pollicis longus
Definition
Origin: Posterior radius and ulna; Insertion: Base and 1st metacarpal; Action: Abducts the thumb
Term
Thenar muscles
Definition
Controls movements of the thumb- opposition
Term
Hypothenar muscles
Definition
controls movements of the pinky-opposition
Term
Iliacus
Definition
Origin: Iliac crest and fossa; Insertion: Posterior femur; Action: Hip flexion
Term
Psoas Major
Definition
Origin: Lumbar vertebrae; Insertion: Posterior femur; Action: Hip flexion
Term
Tensor fascia lata
Definition
Origin: Iliac crest; Insertion: Iliotibial band; Action: Thigh- flexion, medial rotation, abduction. Trunk stabilization
Term
Sartorius
Definition
Origin: Iliac crest; Insertion: Medial surface of proximal tibia; Action: Flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of the hip, flexion of the knee
Term
Quadriceps femoris- Rectus femoris
Definition
Origin: Iliac crest; Insertion: Quadriceps tendon into superior surface of patella; Action: Extension at knee
Term
Quadriceps femoris- Vastus medialis
Definition
Origin: Medial and posterior shaft of femur; Insertion: Quadriceps tendon into superior surface of patella; Action: Extension at knee
Term
Quadriceps femoris- Vastus lateralis
Definition
Origin: Lateral and posterior shaft of femur; Insertion: Quadriceps tendon into superior surface of patella; Action: Extension at knee
Term
Quadriceps femoris- Vastus intermedius
Definition
Origin: Anterior and lateral shaft of the femur; Insertion: Quadriceps tendon into superior surface of patella; Action: Extension at knee
Term
Gluteus maximus
Definition
Origin: Iliac blade and sacrum; Insertion: Posterior femoral shaft; Action: External rotation and extension of the hip joint
Term
Gluteus medius and minimus
Definition
Origin: Lateral surface of ilium; Insertion: Greater trochanter; Action: Abduction of hip, preventing abduction of hip, medial rotation of thigh
Term
Lateral rotators (deep gluteal muscles)
Definition
Origin: Sacrum, ishial spine, ischium, pubis; Insertion: Greater trochanter; Action: Laterally rotates the leg
Term
Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus
Definition
Origin: Ischial tuberosity; Insertion: Medial surface of proximal tibia; Action: Flexion at knee
Term
Biceps femoris
Definition
Origin: Ischial tuberosity; Insertion: Lateral surface of proximal tibia; Action: Flexion at knee
Term
Adductors (medial compartment)
Definition
Origin: Pubis; Insertion: Lateral femoral shaft and posterior shaft of femur and medial epicondyle; Action: Adductors
Term
Gastrocnemius
Definition
Origin: Medial and lateral epicondyle of femur; Insertion: Achilles tendon into mid-posterior calcaneous; Action: Plantar flexes foot, flexes knee
Term
Soleus
Definition
Origin: Posterior tibia and fibula; Insertion: Achilles tendon into mid-posterior calcaneous; Action: Plantar flexes foot, flexes knee
Term
Flexor hallucis longus, Flexor digitorum longus, Tibialis posterior
Definition
Origin: Posterior Tibia/Fibula; Insertion: Phalanges; Action: Flexes the toes
Term
Fibularis longus/brevis
Definition
Origin: Lateral fibula; Insertion: Tarsals; Action: Plantar flexion, eversion
Term
Tibialis anterior
Definition
Origin: Anterior Tibia/Fibula; Insertion: Tarsals; Action: Dorsiflexion, some inversion
Term
Extensor digitorum longus
Definition
Origin: Tibia and fibula; Insertion: Base of 5th metatarsal; Action: Some dorsiflexion, extension of the toes
Term
Extensor hallucis longus
Definition
Origin: Tibia and fibula (anterior); Insertion: Tarsals; Action: Some dorsiflexion, extension of the knee
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