POSTERIOR TRIANGLE

• sternum & clavicle
• mastoid process of temporal bone
• CN XI
• Flexes & laterally rotates head

POSTERIOR TRIANGLE

• occipital bone, C7 spinous processes & all thoracic vertebrae
• scapula & clavicle
• CN XI
•  stabilizes, raises, retracts & rotates scapula

POSTERIOR TRIANGLE

• transverse process C1-C4
• scapula
• Cervical nerves C3-C5
• Elevates/adducts scapula

POSTERIOR TRIANGLE

• transverse process of cervical vertebrae
• first 2 ribs
• (innervation not on exam)
• elevates first 2 ribs

POSTERIOR TRIANGLE

• transverse process of cervical vertebrae
• first 2 ribs
• (innervation not on exam)
• elevates first 2 ribs

POSTERIOR TRIANGLE

• transverse process of cervical vertebrae
• first 2 ribs
• (innervation not on exam)
• elevates first 2 ribs

ANTERIOR TRIANGLE- Suprahyoid

• styloid process of temporal bone
• hyoid bone
• CN VII
• elevates & retracts hyoid bone

ANTERIOR TRIANGLE- Suprahyoid

• mandible
• hyoid bone
• CN V, mandibular branch V3
• forms the floor of the mouth

ANTERIOR TRIANGLE- Suprahyoid

• manidible
• hyoid bone
• CN XII
• Pulls hyoid superior and anterior

ANTERIOR TRIANGLE- Suprahyoid

• mandible
• hyoid bone
• CN V
• open mouth & depress mandible

ANTERIOR TRIANGLE- Suprahyoid

• mastoid process of temporal bone
• hyoid
• CN VII
• open mouth & depress mandible

ANTERIOR TRIANGLE- Infrahyoid

• insertion: hyoid bone
• cervical nerves C1-C3
• depresses larynx & hyoid bone

ANTERIOR TRIANGLE- Infrahyoid

• insertion: hyoid bone
• cervical nerves C1-C3

ANTERIOR TRIANGLE- Infrahyoid

• cervical nerves C1-C3
• Pulls larynx & hyoid bone inferior

ANTERIOR TRIANGLE- Infrahyoid

• depress hyoid bone & elevates larynx

ANTERIOR TRIANGLE- Infrahyoid

• constrict pharynx during swallowing

DEEP MUSCLES OF BACK EXTENSION

• iliac crest & sacrum
• angles of the ribs
• dorsal rami spinal nerves C4-S5
• extend & laterally bend trunk & neck

DEEP MUSCLES OF BACK EXTENSION

• transverse process at inferior vertebral levels
• transverse process at superior vertebral levels & mastoid process
• dorsal rami spinal nerves C1-S1
• extends & laterally bend trunk, neck and head

DEEP MUSCLES OF BACK EXTENSION

• spinous processes at inferior vertebral levels
• spinous processes at superior vertebral levels
• dorsal rami spinal nerve C2-L3
• extends & laterally bend trunk

DEEP MUSCLES OF BACK EXTENSION

• transverse process of C7-T12
• T1-T4
• dorsal rami spinal nerves C1-T12
• extends & laterally bends trunk; rotates trunk to opposite side

DEEP MUSCLES OF BACK EXTENSION

• transverse process of C7-T12
• T1-T4
• dorsal rami spinal nerves C1-T12
• extends & laterally bends trunk & neck; rotates trunk & neck to opposite side

DEEP MUSCLES OF BACK EXTENSION

• transverse process of C7-T12
• occipital bone
• dorsal rami spinal nerves C1-T12
• extends & laterally bends trunk & neck; rotates trunk & neck to opposite side

DEEP MUSCLES OF BACK EXTENSION

• iliac crest
• transverse processes L1-L4 & 12th rib
• T12
• flexes trunk laterally & assists w/ forced inspiration

DEEP MUSCLES OF BACK EXTENSION

• C7-T6
• mastoid process of temporal bone & occipital bone
• dorsal rami C2-C6
• extend & hyperextend head; laterally bend head & neck; rotates head to the same side

DEEP MUSCLES OF BACK EXTENSION

• C7-T6
• C2-C4
• dorsal rami C2-C6
• extend & hyperextend head; laterally bend head & neck; rotates head to the same side

• Serratus posterior superior m.
• Serratus posterior inferior m.

SUPERFICIAL BACK MUSCLES

• occipital protuberance & spinous processes of C7-T12
• scapula & lateral third of clavicle
• spinal accessory n. (CN XI) & C3-C4
• stabilizes, raises, retracts, & rotates scapula

SUPERFICIAL BACK MUSCLES

• transverse processes C1-C4
• scapula
• spinal nerves C3-C5
• elevate & adduct scapula

SUPERFICIAL BACK MUSCLES

• spinous processes T2-T5
• scapula
• C4 & C5
• stabilizes scapula; retracts, elevates & rotates scapula inferiorly

SUPERFICIAL BACK MUSCLES

• spinous processes C7-T1
• scapula
• C4 & C5
• stabilizes scapula; retracts, elevates & rotates scapula inferiorly

SUPERFICIAL BACK MUSCLES

• spinous processes T7 to sacrum, iliac crest, & lower 3 ribs
• humerus
• spinal nerve C6-C8; posterior cord of brachial plexus
• extends & adducts arm; medial rotation at shoulder

MUSCLES OF THE THORAX

• inferior border of rib above
• superior border of rib below
• intercostal nerves T1-T11
• elevates rib cage, aids in inspiration

MUSCLES OF THE THORAX

• superior border of rib below
• inferior border of rib above
• intercostal nerves T1-T11
• depresses rib cage, aids in forced expiration

MUSCLES OF THE THORAX

• inferior internal surface of the rib cage & sternum; costal cartilage of the last 6 ribs; and lumbar vertebrae L1-L3
• central tendon of the diaphragm
• phrenic nerve (C3-C5)
• Primary mover of inspiration; pushes abdominal viscera inferiorly w/ inspiration

Superficial Muscles of the Thorax (Anterior)

• medial ½ of clavicle; manubrium & body of sternum; ribs 1-6
• greater tubercle of the humerus
• C5-T1
• flexes & adducts arm; medially rotates the arm; helps with climbing, throwing & pushing; pulls rib cage upward – aids in forced inspiration

Superficial Muscles of the Thorax (Anterior)

• ribs 3-5
• coracoid process of scapula
• C6-C8
• draws rib cage superiorly; draws scapula forward & inferior

Superficial Muscles of the Thorax (Anterior)

• rib 1
• inferior surface clavicle
• C5-C6
• stabilize & depress pectoral girdle

Superficial Muscles of the Thorax (Anterior)

• rib 1-8
• scapula
• C5-C7
• rotates scapula laterally & superiorly; abduction, raising the arm & horizontal arm movement such as pushing or punching

Superficial Muscles of the Thorax (Anterior)

• spinous processes of C7 – T3
• superior border of ribs 2-5
• intercostal nerves T2-T5
• elevates the ribs to aid w/ inspiration

Superficial Muscles of the Thorax (Anterior)

• T11-L3
• inferior borders of ribs 9-12
• intercostal nerves T9-T12
• depresses the lower ribs to aid w/ expiration

-Internal intercostal muscles

-Serratus posterior inferior m.

-Transversus thoracis m.

-Subcostalis m.

-Rectus abdominis m.

-External oblique m.

-Internal oblique m.

-Transversus abdominis m.

-Lower iliocostalis m.

-Lower longissimus m.

-Triangularis sterni m

-SCM

-Scalene (anterior, middle, posterior)

-Trapezius m.

-Rhomboid major/minor m.

-Latissimus dorsi m.

-Serratus anterior m.

-Serratus posterior superior m.

-Pectoralis major/minor m.

-Subclavis m.

-Levatores costarum m.

-Platysma m.

-Quadratus lumborum m.

• Transverse process C7-T11
• Rib below its origin
• Dorsal Rami of C7-T11
• Elevates the ribs to aid w/ inspiration

• Superior border of ribs
• Inferior border of rib above
• Intercostal nerves T1-T11
• Aid in forced expiration

• Angle of the ribs
• Angle of the ribs 2 above origin
• Intercostals nerves T1-T11
• Compresses the intercostals space to aid in forced expiration

• Posterior surface of sternum
• Inner costal cartilage ribs 26
• Intercostals nerves T2-T6
• Compresses the thorax to aid in forced experation