Origin: Inferior ramus of pubis, ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Medial lip of linea aspera and adductor tuberle of femur

Action: Adduction, extension, weak flexion, internal rotation, and stabilization of pelvis

Nerve Supply: Posterior division of the obturator nerve, tibial nerve

Origin: Medial part of superior ramus of pubis 

Insertion: Linea aspera

Action: Adduction and flexion at hip joint; extension and internal rotation of femur; stabilization of pelvis

Nerve Supply: Anterior division of the obturator nerve

Origin: Short head: tip of the coracoid process of the scapula; long head: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Insertion: Radial tuberosity

Action: Flexion at elbow joint; supination, abduction and internal rotation of the humerus

Nerve Supply: Musculocutaneous nerve, brachial plexus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion: Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

Action: Flexion and external rotation at the knee

Nerve Supply: Tibial Nerve

Origin: Anterior surface of distal humerus

Insertion: Coronoid process of ulna

Action: Flexion at elbow joint to flex the forearm

Nerve Supply: Musculocutaneous nerve, brachial plexus

Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of distal humerus and lateral intermuscular septum

Insertion: Lateral part of styloid process of radius

Action: Flexion at elbow; supination and pronation of forearm

Nerve supply: Radial nerve

Origin: Mandible, alveolar process of mandible and maxilla, pterygomandibular raphe

Insertion: Angle of mouth and lateral portion of the upper and lower lips

Action: Builds muscular substructure of cheek, controls food synergistic with tongue, draws mouth unilateral

Nerve Supply: Buccal branches of facial nerve

Origin: Coracoid process of scapula 

Insertion: Upper one third of frontal humerus 

Action: Flexion, adduction, internal rotation

Nerve Supply: Musculotaneous nerve, brachial plexus

Origin: Mandible

Insertion: Angle of mouth, blends with fibers of orbicularis oris

Action: Pulls angle of mouth laterally and downward

Nerve Supply: Marginal mandibular and buccal branches of facial nerve

Origin: Digastric fossa of mandible

Insertion: Via intermediate tendon on minor cornu of hyoid bone

Action: Elevates hyoid bone, depresses the mandible

Nerve Supply: Mylohyoid nerve, mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Origin: Acromion, crest of scapula and lateral one third of clavicle

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus 

Action: Abduction of arm, flexion and internal rotation via anterior fibers and external rotation and extension via posterior fibers

Nerve Supply: Axillary nerve, brachial plexus

Origin: Spinous processes of T9-T12 thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: Spinous processes of T1 and T2 thoracic vertebrae and the cervical vertebrae

Action: Extends the vetebral column 

Nerve Supply: Posterior branch of spinal nerve

Origin: Lower border of the ribs

Insertion: Upper border of the ribs

Action: Inhalation

Nerve Supply: Intercostal nerves

Origin: Outer surface of 5th to 12th ribs

Insertion: Linea alba, pubic crest and tubercle, anterior superior iliac spine and iliac crest

Action: Lateral flexion of the trunk ipsilaterally; rotates trunk contralaterally; compression of abdomen; stabilization of pelvis

Nerve Supply: Intercostal nerves, subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

Origin: Lateral epicondyle

Insertion: Extensor expansion of middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th fingers

Action: Extension of hand, wrist, and fingers

Nerve Supply: Posterior interosseous nerve

Origin: Head and anterior margin of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Bases and dorsal aponeuroses of lateral four digits via extensor expansion 

Action: Dorsal flexion at talocrural joint; eversion in subtalar joint; extension at MCP and IP joints of related digits

Nerve Supply: Deep fibular nerve

Origin: Galea aponeurotica

Insertion: Skin above the eyebrows

Action: Wrinkles brow

Nerve Supply: Facial nerve

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones

Action: Flexion at wrist; abduction of hand

Nerve Supply: Median nerve

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus, posterior border of proximal ulna and medial border of olecranon

Insertion: Pisiform, hook of hamate and base of 5th metacarpal bone

Action: Flexion at writst; adduction of hand

Nerve Supply: Ulnar nerve

Origin: Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus, radial head: middle third of radius

Insertion: Shafts of the middle phalanges of the 2nd-5th digits

Action: Weak flexion at elbow; flexion at wrist; flexion at MCP and PIP joints of 2nd-5th digits

Nerve Supply: Median nerve

Origin: Posterior and medial borders of ulna and interosseous membrane 

Insertion: Base and palmar surface of distal phalanges of 2nd-5th digits

Action: Flexion at wrist and MCP, PIP, DIP, and 2nd-5th digits

Nerve Supply: Median nerve, ulnar nerve

Origin: Mental spine of the mental symphysis

Insertion: Base of tongue

Action: Protrudes and depresses the tongue

Nerve supply: Hypoglossal nerve

Origin: Fascia of gluteus medius, external surface of ilium behind posterior gluteal line, erector spinaes fascia, dorsal surface of sacrum, lateral margin of coccyx, sacrotuberal ligament

Insertion: Upper fibers: posterior part of iliotibial tract and fascia lata, lower fiber: gluteal tuberosity of proximal femur 

Action: Extension of flexed femur in hip joint; lateral stabilization of hip and knee joint; external rotation of femur

Nerve Supply: Inferior gluteal nerve

Origin: External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

Insertion: Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur

Action: Abducts the hip and stabalizes the pelvis; anterior part: flexion and internal rotation, posterior part: extension and external rotation

Nerve Supply: Superior gluteal nerve

Origin: Pubic symphysis and inferior pubic ramus

Insertion: Medial surface of the tibia

Action: Adduction and flexion at hip joint; flexion and internal rotation at the knee joint

Nerve Supply: Anterior division of the obturator nerve

Origin: Femur and above the lateral femoral condyle

Insertion: Dorsum of the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

Action: Plantar flexion at talocrural joint; flexion at the knee

Nerve Supply: Tibial Nerve

Origin: Inferior border of ribs as far back as posterior angles

Insertion: Superior border of ribs below, passing obliquely downwards and backwards

Action: Fix intercostal spaces during espiration; aids forced inspiration by elevating ribs

Nerve Supply: Muscular collateral branches of intercostal nerves

Origin: Deep layer of thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3rds of iliac crest, lateral 2/3rds of inguinal ligament, iliopsoas fascia

Insertion: Lower margins of 9th-12th ribs, pubic crest, anterior and posterior layers of the linea alba

Action: Flexion and lateral flexion of trunk ipsilaterally, rotates trunk contralaterally

Nerve Supply: Intercostal nerves, subcostal nerve, iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve

Infraspinatus

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: External rotation of arm

Nerve Supply: Suprascapular nerve

Origin: Iliac fossa, spine

Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

Action: Flexion of hip

Nerve Supply: Femoral nerve L1 and L2

Origin: Ischial spine, posterior surface of pubis and fascia of obturator internus muscle

Insertion: Anococcygeal raphe and coccyx

Action: Elevates the pelvic floor

Nerve Supply:Ventral primary rami of spinal nerves

Origin: Inferior margin of the orbit and frontal process of maxilla 

Insertion: Skin of the upper lip

Action: Elevates the upper lip

Nerve Supply: Buccal branch of facial nerve

Origin: Great wing of sphenoid and pterygoid plate

Insertion: Condyle of mandible

Action: Depresses, protrudes, and helps move the mandible from side to side

Nerve Supply: Lateral pterygoid nerve from the mandibular nerve

Origin: Transverse process of C1-C4

Insertion: Superior angle to the medial border of the scapula

Action: Elevates scapula medially, inclines head ipsilaterally

Nerve Supply: Dorsal scapular nerve, the upper part of the muscle receives branches of C3 and C4 spinal nerves

Origin: Inferior angle of scapula, 9th-12th ribs, spinous processes of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, posterior 1/3rd of iliac crest

Insertion: Crest of lesser tuberosity of humerus, intertubercular groove

Action: Internal rotation, adduction, extension, and aids in respiration

Nerve supply: Thoracordorsal nerver, posterior cord of brachial plexus

Origin: Flexor digitorum profundus

Insertion: Extensor expansion

Action: Flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints

Nerve Supply: 3rd nad 4th deep branch of ulnar nerve, 1st and 2nd median nerve

Origin: Zygomatic arch and maxilla

Insertion: Coronoid process and ramus of mandible

Action: Elevation and protraction of mandible

Nerve Supply: Mandibular nerve

Origin: Deep head: medial side of lateral pterygoid plate behind the upper teeth; superficial head: pyramidal process of palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity

Insertion: Medial angle of the mandible

Action: Elevates mandible, closes jaw, helps lateral pterygoids in moving the jaw from side to side

Nerve Supply: Mandibular nerve via nerve to medial pterygoid

Origin: Mylohyoid line of mandible

Insertion: Midline raphe and body of the hyoid bone

Action: Elevates and draws the hyoid bone foreward; elevates the tongue; depresses the mandible

Nerve Supply: Mylohyoid nerve from the inferior alveolar nerve, a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, mandibular nerve

Origin: Orbital part: medial orbital margin and medial palpebral ligament; Palpebral part: medial palpebral ligament

Insertion: Orbital part: skin of the lateral cheek; palpebral part: lateral palpebral raphe

Action: Closes the eyelids

Nerve Supply: Temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve

Origin: Skin and fascia of the lips and area surrounding it

Insertion: Skin and fascia of the lips

Action: Compresses and potrudes the lips

Nerve Supply: Buccal branch of the facial nerve

Origin: Superior nuchal line of the occipital bone, mastoid part of the temporal

Insertion: Galea aponeurosis

Action: Raises eyebrow

Nerve Supply: Posterior auricular nerve

Origin: Third to fifth ribs

Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula

Action: Pulls the scapula forward, medialward and downward, assists in  respiration

Nerve supply: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves, brachial plexus

Origin: Medial half of clavicle, manubrium, body of sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, anterior layer of rectus sheath

Insertion: Crest of greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Adduction, internal rotation, flexion and assists in respiration when shoulder is fixed

Nerve Supply: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves, brachial plexis

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna and common flexor tendon

Insertion: Lateral radius, distal to insertion of supinator muscle

Action: Pronates the forearm and weak flexion at elbow joint

Nerve Supply: Median nerve

Origin: Pelvic surface of sacrum

Insertion: Superior border of greater trochanter of femur

Action: External rotation, abduction and extension at hip joint, stabilization of hip

Nerve Supply: Direct branches from sacral plexus

Origin: Fibula 

Insertion: First metatarsal, medium cuneiform

Action: Plantar flexion, eversion

Nerve Supply: Superficial fibular nerve

Origin: Posterior part of the iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament

Insertion: 12th rib and transverse processes of L1-L4

Action: Bends trunk ipsilaterally, fixes the 12th rib, aids in expiration

Nerve Supply: Subcostal nerve, ventral primary rami of spinal nerves

Origin: Lateral border of ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Quadrate line below intertrochanteric crest of femur

Action: External rotation and adduction at hip joint

Nerve Supply: Direct branches from sacral plexus, nerve to quadratus femoris muscle

Origin: Fascia of the lateral 

Insertion: Skin of the angle of the mouth 

Action: Grimacing, pulls the corner of the mouth laterally

Nerve Supply: Buccal branches of facial nerve

Origin: Pubis and pubic symphysis

Insertion: Xiphoid process of sternum, costal cartilages of 5th to 7th ribs

Action: Compression of abdomen, flexion of trunk, stabilization of pelvis

Nerve Supply: Intercostal nerves, subcostal nerve

Origin: Spinous processes of T2-T5

Insertion: Medial margin of scapula inferior to the spine

Action: Stabilizess, retracts, elevates and internally rotates the scapula

Nerve Supply: Dorsal scapular nerve

Origin: Spinous process of C7-T1, inferior ligamentum nuchae

Insertion: Medial margin of scapula inferior to the spine

Action: Stabilizes, retracts, elevates and internally rotates the scapula

Nerve Supply: Dorsal scapular nerve

Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine and superior part of the acetablulum

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity and patella 

Action: Flexion at hip joint; extension at knee joint

Nerve Supply: Femoral nerve

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion: Medial part of tibia near tibial tuberosity

Action: Flexion, abduction and external rotation at hip joint; flexion and internal rotation at knee joint

Nerve Supply: Femoral nerve

Origin: Cervical vertebrae

Insertion: First and second ribs

Action: Elevation of ribs 1 and 2 

Nerve Supply: Cervical nerves

Origin: Outer surface ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Medial tibial condyle, oblique popliteal ligament, and popliteal fascia

Action: Extension at hip joint; stabilization of pelvis; flexion and internal rotation in knee joint

Nerve Supply: Tibial nerve

Origin: Ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion: Medial surface of tibial tuberosity

Action: Extension at hip joint; stabilization of pelvis; flexion and internal rotation at knee joint

Nerve Supply: Tibial nerve

Origin: Superior: 1st-2nd ribs, intermediate: 2nd-3rd ribs, inferior: 4th-9th ribs

Insertion: Medial margin of costal surface of scapula 

Action: Lowers raised arm, elevates ribs, draw scapula internally forward, superior external rotation of scapula

Nerve Supply: Long thoracic nerve, brachial plexus

Origin: Posterior surface of proximal fibula and soleal line of tibia

Insertion: Dorsum of the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

Action: Plantar flexion at talocrural joint and plantar flexion of foot

Nerve Supply: Tibial nerve

Origin: Ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7-T6 vertebrae

Insertion: Mastoid process and lateral end of the superior nuchal line

Action: Rotates head ipsilaterally, extension and lateral flexion of the cervical spine and head

Nerve Supply: Dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C2-C6

Origin: Spinous process of T3-T4

Insertion: Transverse process of C1-C3

Action: Bilaterally: Extend the head and neck; Unilaterally: laterla flexion to the same side, rotation to the same side

Origin: Sternal head: anterior surface of manubrium; Clavicular head: medial third of clavicle

Insertion: Mastoid process and lateral part of the superior nuchal line

Action: Inclines head ipsilaterally, rotates contralaterally

Nerve Supply: Spinal acessory nerve, with sensory supply from C2 and C3

Origin: Posterior surfaces of manubrium and sternal end of clavicle 

Insertion: Lower border of the hyoid bone, medial to omohyoid insertion

Action: Depresses and stabilizes the hyoid bone and larynx; aids in phonation and swallowing 

Nerve Supply: Ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus

Origin: Posterior surface of the manubrium below origin of sternohyoid

Insertion: Oblique line of the thyroid cartilage

Action: Depresses and stabilizes the hyoid bone for phonation and swallowing

Nerve Supply: Ansa cervicalis of cervical plexus, C2-C3

Origin: Posterior styloid process of the temporal bone

Insertion: Body of hyoid bone 

Action: Elevates and retracts the hyoid bone, assists in lowering the mandible

Nerve Supply: Facial nerve

Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

Action: Internal rotation and extension of the arm

Nerve Supply: Upper and lower subscapular nerve, brachial plexus

Origin: Supscapular fossa of scapula

Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

Action: Internal rotation and extension of the arm

Nerve Supply: Upper and lower subscapular nerve, brachial plexus

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Abduction of arm

Nerve Supply: Suprascapular nerve, superior trunk of the brachial plexus

Origin: Fossa temporalis and temporal fascia

Insertion: Coronoid process of the mandible and the anterior surface of the ramus of the mandible

Action: Vertical part: elevates the mandible; horizontal part: retracts the mandible; chewing 

Nerve Supply: Anterior and posterior deep temporal nerves from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Origin: Dorsal surface of the inferior angle of scapula

Insertion: Crest of lesser tubercle of the humerus

Action: Internal rotation, adduction, extension

Nerve Supply: Lower subscapular nerve, posterior cord of the brachial plexus

Origin: Upper 2/3rd lateral margin of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: External rotation, adduction

Nerve Supply: Axillary nerve, posterior cord of the brachial plexus

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine and anterior part of the iliac crest

Insertion: Iliotibial tract

Action: Tenses fascia lata, abduction, flexion and internal rotation at hip joint

Nerve Supply: Superior gluteal nerve

Origin: Oblique line of the thyroid cartilage

Insertion: Lower border of the hyoid bone

Action: Depresses and stabilizes the hyoid; elevates the larynx during swallowing

Nerve Supply: Ansa cervicalis

Origin: Lateral proximal tibia, tibial condyle, interosseous membrane, and superficial crural fascia

Insertion: Medial surface of medial cuneiform and the 1st metatarsal bone

Action: Dorsal flexion at talocrural joint and inversion at subtalar joint

Nerve Supply: Deep fibular nerve

Origin: Interosseous membrane and adjacent margins of tibia and fibula

Insertion: Navicular tuberosity, medial cuneiform, and bases of 2nd to 4th metatarsal bones

Action: Plantar flexion at talocrural joint and inversion at subtalar joint

Origin: Inner surface of 7th to 12th cartilages of ribs, deep layer of thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3rds of iliac crest, lateral 1/3rd of inguinal ligament

Insertion: Linea alba, pubic crest, pecten pubis

Action: Rotation, flexion and lateral flexion of trunk

Nerve Supply: Intercostal nerves, iliohypogastric nerve, ilioinguinal nerve, subcostal nerve

Origin: 1. Descending: external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C1-C7; 2. Transverse: aponeurosis of spinous processes at T1-T4; 3. Ascending: spinous processes of T5-T12

Insertion: Descending: Lateral 1/3rd of clavicle; Transverse: medial side of acromion; Ascending: the upper crest and tubercle of the scapular spine

Action: Retraction, superior rotation, elevation, and depression of the scapula

Nerve Supply: Accessory nerve

Origin: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulna

Action: Extension and adduction at shoulder joint; extension at elbow joint

Nerve Supply: Radial nerve

Origin: Greater trochanter of femur, lateral lip of linea aspera and gluteal tuberosity

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity and patella

Action: Extension at knee joint

Nerve Supply: Femoral nerve

Origin: Medial lip of linea aspera of femur and intertrochanteric line

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity and patella 

Action: Extension at knee joint

Nerve Supply: Femoral nerve

Origin: Anterior and lateral surface of femur 

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity and patella 

Action: Extension at knee joint 

Nerve Supply: Femoral nerve

Origin: Upper lateral surface of the zygomatic bone

Insertion: Skin of the angle of the mouth

Action: Elevate and draws the angle of the mouth 

Nerve Supply: Zygomatic and buccal branches of the facial  nerve