Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Mumps and Childhood Exanthems
Lecture 030 of IID, JMC
39
Medical
Graduate
09/24/2009

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is the period of communicability for mumps?
Definition
From 7 days before onset till 9 days after the illness.
Term
How long is the incubation period for mumps?
Definition
12-29 days
Term
What are typical symptoms of mumps?
Definition

Fever, swollen parotid glands, and malaise.

***no rash or pox***

Term
What is the typical route of mumps virus through the body?
Definition
Point of entry via the respiratory tract -> initial local replication in the salivary glands -> secondary viremia
Term
What are some complications of mumps?
Definition
  • meningitis (10%)
  • orchitis (15% of males)
  • myocarditis
  • nephritis
  • pneumonia
  • arthritis
Term
Where can the mumps virus be found for diagnostic cultures?
Definition
saliva, pharynx, CSF and urine (longest: up to 14 days)
Term
How are viral serology studies used to confirm diagnosis of mumps?
Definition
A significant increase in antibody titer btwn an acute and convalescent serum, collected 2-3 weeks apart.
Term
How effective is a single dose of the mumps vaccine?
Definition
95% effective
Term
When should the mumps vaccine be administered to children?
Definition

When infants are a year old.

+ 2nd dose

Term
What is the origin of most measles cases in the US?
Definition
60-70% of them are imported from other countries
Term
What are the initial prodromes of measles?
Definition

fever,

3 C's: cough, coryza (head cold), conjunctivitis

Term
What are the typical symptoms of measles?
Definition
  • Koplik's spots (on mucous membranes)
  • maculopapular rash (head and trunk, then extremities, esp. palm)
  • lymphadenopathy
  • patient history
Term
What are some complications of measles?
Definition
  • postinfectious encephalitis (1 in 500)
  • interstitial pneumonia
  • bacterial superinfections (pneumonia, otitis media)
  • subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
Term
What is the biggest risk factor for increased severity in measles cases?
Definition
Intensive exposure
Term
At what age should infants be immunized against the measles?
Definition

13-15 months

(+ 2nd dose)

Term
How are suspected cases of measles cultured?
Definition

The specimen must be collected early in the disease, from urine or oropharynx. Culturing requires monkey kidney cells. Immunological diagnosis is significant if there is a 4-fold increase in antibody titer.

Term
What family of viruses does rubella belong to?
Definition
Togavirus
Term
Is rubella single or double stranded? DNA or RNA? Enveloped or non-enveloped?
Definition
Single stranded RNA, enveloped
Term
How long is the incubation period of rubella virus?
Definition
14-21 days
Term
What are the symptoms of rubella?
Definition
  • low-grade fever
  • mild upper respiratory symptoms
  • lymphadenopathy
  • macular rash on the head and trunk, faint in color, lasts 1-3 days
Term
What is the biggest worry of rubella infection, and what are the statistics?
Definition

- congenital rubella infection causes fetal teratogenicity:

First trimester (25%): 80% in first two weeks, 10% by 3rd month

6% in months 4-5

no major threat after month 5

Term
What are some common manifestations of congenital rubella syndrome?
Definition
  • cardiac defects
  • eye defects
  • nerve deafness
  • enlarged liver and spleen
  • thrombocytopenia
  • growth retardation
  • central nervous system defects, retardation
Term
What is the pathogenesis of rubella syndrome?
Definition

The infection in the fetus can result in compromised fetal oxygenation, impaired mitosis, cellular necrosis, chromosomal breakage, and chronic infection with immune complex damage. =>permanent organ defects

The viral shedding continues causing postnatal damage.

Term
What is the best way to confirm a diagnosis of rubella?
Definition
PCR
Term
Is IgM-specific antibody a good marker for rubella infection?
Definition
It is useable, but not ideal because there are pitfalls in using this test for infants
Term
How should pregnant women be treated with regards to rubella?
Definition
Test for immunity: if positive, then it's fine. If negative, monitor titer levels and stay away from unimmunized children. *Cannot give them the vaccine.
Term
Is Parvovirus B19 single or double stranded? DNA or RNA? enveloped or non-enveloped?
Definition
Single-stranded DNA, non-enveloped
Term

Where does parvovirus B19 grow and how does this affect its pathogenicity?

Definition

 

-replicates in erythroid precursor cells of the bone narrow
there can be impairment of normal erythrocyte development, causing aplastic crisis (severe anemia)

 

Term
How is parvovirus B19 spread?
Definition
by respiratory droplet inhalation
Term
How long is the contagious period for patients infected by parvovirus B19?
Definition
1 week
Term
What is another name for parvovirus B19 infection?
Definition
Fifth disease: Erythema infectiosum
Term
How long is the incubation period for parvovirus B19?
Definition
4-12 days
Term
What are the symptoms of parvovirus B19 infection?
Definition
  • fever
  • malaise
  • headache
  • myalgia
  • "slapped-cheek" rash on cheeks
    • spreads to arms and legs in a day or two
  • anemia
  • lymphadenopathy
  • arthralgia, arthritis in females
Term
What occurs in aplastic crisis?
Definition
Transient arrest of erythropoiesis (7-10 days), which can cause anemia in ppl with sickle cell, thalassemia, and chronic anemia associated with AIDS
Term

What is the result of congenital parvovirus B19 infection?

 

Definition
stillbirth of anemic fetus, extensive edema (hydrops fetalis)
Term
How is parvovirus B19 diagnosed in the laboratory?
Definition

*NOT* cultured

- detection by PCR (can be detected in blood for 7-12 days after onset of prodrome)

- or serologic detection: IgM for recent infection, IgG for past infection

Term
What subset of the human population is likely to get roseola?
Definition
Infants up to 4 years of age
Term
What are the symptoms of roseola infantum?
Definition

  • abrupt onset of high fever
  • convulsions
  • faint rash occurs as fever begins to subside (3-5 days)
  • mild uppper respiratory tract infection
  • cervical lymphadenopathy
  • rarely, CNS involvement & neurologic complications

Term

What causes roseola infantum? What are the two subtypes of this virus?

 

Definition

human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)

HHV-6B (babies): Causes roseola in most babies by age 2.

HHV -6A (adults): Infects adults' CD4 and CD8 cells.

Virus also found in lymph nodes of AIDS patients.

Supporting users have an ad free experience!