Term
| Turbidimetry, and two problems |
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Definition
| measurement of how much light is blocked by particles in solution. The size of particles in the standard and those in the sample must be very similar, and any settling/aggregation can yield inaccurate readings |
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Term
| Flame emission photometry |
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Definition
| determining the amount and type of metal in a sample by burning it and measuring the intensity and wavelength of energy emission |
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Term
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Definition
| back up for gas-liquid chromatography |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| component of prothrombin: necessary for clotting |
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Term
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Definition
| test of extrinsic/intrinsic coagulation systems |
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Term
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Definition
| related party(esp. albumin) found in the excrement in excess in daytime, and at normal levels at night |
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Term
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Definition
| 12 hour urine collection, preservation through formalin addition, centrifugation, neubauer blood counter |
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Term
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Definition
| tests for reducing agents in the urine by adding copper sulfate, sodium carbonate, and sodium citrate, and monitoring the presence and color of the precipitate, if yellow, orange, or red, it has one. |
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Term
| lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio |
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Definition
| amniocentesis: surfactant and removed and the ratio is determined. If less than 2, lungs are immature (wet). Test helps predict/prevent respiratory distress after birth. |
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Term
| creatinine/urea concentration in amniotic fluid |
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Definition
| amniocentisis gathers amniotic fluid, if too high, the concentration of creatinine and urea will be obviously high, and is indicative of contamination of the amniotic fluid with maternal urine. |
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Term
| general color and clarity of normal semen |
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Definition
| grayish-white and translucent |
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Term
| pH and viscosity of normal semen |
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Definition
| 7.3-7.8 and 1 on a scale of 1-4 |
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Term
| normal volume of ejaculate |
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Definition
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Term
| timeframe of coagulation and liquefaction of normal semen |
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Definition
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Term
| motility percentage of normal semen |
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Definition
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Term
| forward progression percentage of normal sperm |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| normal percentage of normal morphology in sperm |
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Definition
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Term
| HCG hemaglutination inhibition test |
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Definition
| anti-HCG serum is added to patient's urine, after which protein-coated RBCs are added. If the patient is pregnant, the serum will not react to the RBCs, causing them to form a ring around the urine. If not, the serum will react, and the RBCs will be uniformly mixed with the urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| glycoprotein which acts as an antibody, classified by the type of heavy chain: Alpha, Delta, Epsilon, Gamma, and Mu. |
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Term
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Definition
| protect against ingested antigens, as well as those which try to attach to the skin and mucous membranes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| play a part in allergic reactions (least common) |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulates the production of IgG and is among the first to respond to an antigen |
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Term
| Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLAs) |
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Definition
| part of the MHC on chromosome 6, code for surface proteins in nucleated cells making them very important for organ transplant. HLA-A, B, and C are determinable through the serum, but a mixed lymphocyte culture is needed to determine type D |
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Term
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Definition
| lacks all major immunoglobulins. Determined through amniocentisis, lack of IgG peak. IgG injections can reduce mortality and morbidity. |
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Term
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Definition
| combines with lipid to form the logical compound. types a-e. determine quantity: radioimmunoassay, immunonephelometry, enzyme-linked immunoassay, electroimmunoassay, radial immunodiffusion, & fluorescence immunoassay. |
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Term
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Definition
| determining the relative amount of protein in a sample by reacting its peptide bonds with copper ions. There must be a minimum of two peptide bonds for any reaction to be seen, so there must be at least three peptides in the protein. The more protein there is, the more intense the color of the reaction will be. |
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Term
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Definition
| secreted by the apt liver. In maternal blood, high levels can be indicative of neural or renal problems, or twins. Low levels can be indicative of Down syndrome. Ultrasound and amniocentisis can help to confirm any findings |
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Term
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Definition
| most abundant (55%) protein in human serum: essential to osmoregulation and fatty acid transport |
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Term
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Definition
| reference method for quantifying the total protein found in serum: digests peptide bonds, turning nitrogen into ammonium ions which can be titrated as ammonia; or can be mixed with Nessler's reagent and read spectrophotometrically. Cumbersome in practice. |
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Term
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Definition
| used to determine paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria. patient serum @ 4C moved to 37C compared with control: N/N = (-); H/N = (+); H/H = invalid |
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Term
| Ten degree Celsius increase in temperature's effect on enzymatic activity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hormone-like molecules derived from essential fatty acids. Play a part in uterine contraction, platelet aggregation inhibition, infection protection, metabolism regulation, and blood pressure control. |
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Term
| nonesterified fatty acids |
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Definition
| "free" capable of binding to other molecules, otherwise carried by albumin, determined through titration with thymol blue or sodium hydroxide from heparinized plasma or a serum. |
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Term
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Definition
| free version of a related molecule having undergone a spontaneous irreversible reaction, waste |
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Term
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Definition
| creatinine reacts with an alkaline picrate solution, turns bright orange. For specificity, creatinine is drawn out with Lloyd's reagent before-hand |
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Term
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Definition
| infantile: UV(1.73)/PA; adult: UV/P |
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Term
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Definition
| related enzyme is added to a sample, and UV absorbance is monitored b/t 290-293 nm. The difference between initial and final absorbances will be directly proportional to the amount of related substance in the sample. |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal protein essential in bilirubin disposal: high levels of unconjugated bilirubin in the liver, and slightly higher levels in the blood. Jaundice. Harmless. |
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Term
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Definition
| red bile formed from heme: one heme is retrieved, iron is then added, this is then reduced. |
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Term
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Definition
| action hereof is monitored, as it is characterized by a decrease in absorbance from 405-460 nm |
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Term
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Definition
| used to read the related concentration at 454 nm, used as a direct spectrophotometer assay |
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Term
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Definition
| preferred method of unconjugated serum bilirubin concentration determination: through binding to diazo, accelerated by caffeine-sodium benzoate mixture |
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Term
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Definition
| dissolved unconjugated bilirubin in alcohol, react with diazotized sulfanilic acid |
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Term
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Definition
| transport of conjugated bilirubin is defective leading to increased levels of it in both the blood in urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| UDG transferase deficiency, leading to a high level of unconjugated bilirubin |
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Term
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Definition
| bilirubin levels are greater than 2.5 mg/dL |
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Term
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Definition
| the most common and most abundant, fighting many antigens in the blood and lymph |
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