Once inside, the viral RNA forms a complimentary strand through RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, an enzyme BROUGHT IN BY THE VIRUS. The complimentary RNA is transcribed into viral proteins by the cell and is also used to make more viral RNAs via the same enzyme. 

Capsid proteins are made by free ribosomes in the cell and glycoproteins are made by bound ribosomes, which are transported to the plasma membrane.

Nucleocapsids then move to the plasma membrane and bud from the wall, creating new virus particles.

In retroviruses, retrotranscriptase creates viral DNA from viral RNA that inserts into the host's genome.

1. Transformation - Uptake of plasmids

2. Transduction - Bacteriophages transport the DNA between cells

3. Conjugation - "Bacteria sex"

Hfr cells and F+ cells contain a fertility factor, which does for sex pilus proteins. Hfr have the factor in the chromosome and F+ cells contain the factor in plasmids.

During sex (after DNA replication), Hfr and F+ cells transport the factor and DNA to F- cells via sex pili (hair-like growths). Often times it breaks before all DNA can be transferred, this leads to genetic diversity. Crossing over can also occur within the cell that had DNA transferred to. The remaining transferred DNA fragment is then destroyed.