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A question asked merely for effect with no answer expected.
ie. "What kind of madness IS this?" |
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| Using known images and ideas to convey an abstract idea. |
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| Used to emphasize the weakness more than the weak person, and usually implies moral judgment and corrective purpose |
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A comparison of two unlike things w/out using "like" or "as"
ie. "That girl is poison" |
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A comparison using "like" or "as".
ie. "chill as ice" |
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| A style of speaking or writing as dependent upon choice of words |
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| The attitudes toward the subject and toward the audience implied by a character or person |
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Rephrasing something embarrassing or offensive in a gentler way.
ie. "pushing up daisies", "he/she is in a better place", "not the sharpest tool in the shed |
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Three-part statement of deductive reasoning.
ie. PREMISE:
1. All books from that store are new.
2. These books are from that store
CONCLUSION:
3. These books are new |
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Logical Argument
ie. "Here are the statistics: 96% of people that have taken this pill have a better life than those who haven't" |
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Character or Image or a person to help an argument.
ie. Selling a pill in a commercial: "I'm a doctor, and I recommend this!" |
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Manipulating emotions of the audience to be in a certain favor.
ie. Asking for donations: "These children are starving... it's only 4 cents a day to help. Your donation could save a child's life.." |
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A concise statement containing a subjective truth or observation cleverly and pithily written.
ie. "Life is short, art long, opportunity fleeting, experience deceptive, judgment difficult" |
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| Indirect or brief references to well-known characters or events outside of a certain work. |
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Verbal - saying the opposite of what you mean
Situational - something happens outside logical expectations
Dramatic - when the audience knows something that the characters don't |
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A seeming contradiction
ie. "War is Peace" |
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A figure of speech that makes a situation seem less severe or important
ie. "They'll jus' put me in jail, an' I ain't doin' nothin' but set aroun'." |
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Exaggeration
ie. "Enough food to fill an army" |
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A part used to represent the whole.
ie. 'ABCs' for the alphabet.
A set of wheels = a car. |
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| Leaving a word out for conciseness and drama. ie. "Some people go to priests; others to poetry; I to my friends." Sometimes used as "..." in quotes. |
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When part of a word governs two or more parts of a sentence and carries a different meaning in each instance.
ie. "Fix the problem, not the blame."
("Fix" in the example can mean to "solve the problem" and "assign blame") |
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When a word governs two or more parts of a sentence.
ie 1. "And now a bubble burst, and now a world."
ie 2. "You held your breath and the door for me"
(the governing parts may be drastically different in meaning, as "burst" acts in the first example and "held" in the second) |
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A balance of two or more similar words, phrases, or clauses.
ie. "She started to walk away. She started to walk into his arms. She started to cry." |
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A sentence that employs parallel structure of approximately the same length and importance
ie. "It was the best of times. It was the worst of times." |
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Repeating a sequence of words at the beginnings of neighboring clauses, thereby lending them emphasis
ie. "Mad world! Mad kings! Mad composition!" |
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Repetition of the last word of a preceding clause. The word is used at the end of a sentence and then used again at the beginning of the next sentence.
ie. "Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering." |
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| A comparison of an unfamiliar concept of a situation to a familiar one, pointing out multiple points that are parallel; used for explanation |
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| Personal attack on someones character (rather than using facts) |
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(Latin: Does not follow)
Lack of logical connection between a conclusion statement and its preceding statement.
ie. He is tall. He plays basketball. |
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