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The period after the Civil War when the US began to rebuild - 1865-1877 - 12 years Also the process the government used to readmit the southern states back into the Union |
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| An angry congress (mad at Andrew Johnson, Abraham Lincoln's replacement because he vetoed 2 acts designed to give blacks equal rights) overrode the presidents veto on the Civil Rights Act and the Freedmen's Act, and drafted the 14th Amendment which prevented states from denying rights to any US citizen which was now defined as "all persons born or naturalized in the US. |
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| U.S. Grant, the general for the Union during the Civil War, was elected after Johnson. After his election the 15th Amendment was passed stating that nobody could be kept from voting because of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." (1870) |
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Republican Party During Reconstruction 1. Scalawags (former small farm owners in the South that did not want plantation owners to get their power back) 2. Carpetbaggers (came from the North) 3. African Americans |
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| All 3 groups had different goals |
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| Southern vigilante group who's goal was to destroy the Republican Party and get rid of the Reconstruction governments, and prevent blacks from exercising their right to vote. |
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| Support for Reconstruction weakened and the breakdown of the Republican unity made it hard to keep the plan going. A series of acts by the Supreme Court began to undo some of the social and political changes the Republicans had made. There was also a 5 year depression which took attention away from Reconstruction. Southern Democrats began to take back power. |
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Samuel J Tilden vs Rutherford B. Hayes (end of Reconstruction) |
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A deal was struck - 1876 Tilden won the popular vote but was 1 vote short of the electoral vote behind Hayes (Similar to Al Gore w/ Bush 8 years ago) -Southern Democrats said they would accept Hayes if troops were withdrawn from the South. -Reconstruction eneded and not much "real" progress was made in terms of attitudes toward blacks |
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1892 Homer Plessy took a seat in the "white only" car of a train in Louisiana. He was convicted of breaking LA's segregation law. He appealed and the Supreme Court said that spearate-but-equal-facilities did not violate the Constitution Establised "separate but equal" which was actually legalized segregation for the next 60 years. |
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Voting Restrictions 1. poll tax 2. Jim Crow Laws 3.. Literacy test |
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The south imposed voting restrictions designed to prevent blacks from being able to vote. 1. Poll tax - and annual tax that had to be paid before one could vote 2. Jim Crow Laws - segregated public and private facilities (school, hospitals, parks, transportation system, etc.) 3. Literacy test - some states used this test as a requirement to vote. Slaves were not allowed to read and write so most of the free slaves could not pass the test and therefore could not vote. |
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