Term
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Definition
1-3%
-males are diagnosed more than females across al levels of functioning
-strong relation btw IQ and SES
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Term
| Theoretical frameworks used in MR |
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Definition
-Developmental child issues
-Family issues
-Eco-cultural
-Social role
-Behaviorist |
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Term
| Developmental child issues theoretical framework for MR |
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Definition
Main characteristics-
-use of normal development to inform us about pop. with mental retardation
-similar-sequence and similar-structure hyptheses
-two-group approach and revisions
Implications in MR-
-sequences are used in curriculum
-framework identifies important prerequisites and domains of development
-pop. with MR tell s about nonretarded development
-focus on development in persons with diff. types of MR |
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Term
| Family issues theoretical framework for MR |
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Definition
focus has shifted from psychopathology to stress and coping, child with MR is an extra "stressor"
Characteristics-
-family systems reactions to offspring with MR
-double ABCX model
-stress-and-coping emphasis
Implications-
-interventions with all memevers and subsystems of families
-identification of stressors and ameliorating factors |
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Term
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Definition
"the crisis of raising a child with MR is a function of the specific characteristics of the child (A), mediated by the family's internal and external resources (B), and by the family's perception of the child (C)"
-nothing is static, the child develops, resources and perceptions may change |
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Term
| Eco-culutural theoretical framework for MR |
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Definition
examines how the family accommodates a child with MR
Characteristics-
-relation of culture and disability
-familial reactions based on cultural norms and expectations
Implications-
-helps determine culturall sensitive interventions |
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Term
| Social role theoretical framework for MR |
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Definition
-examine the "role" the child with MR fills in society
Characteristics-
-person with MR plays a role in a social system
-emphasis on system's relations to person
Implications-
-highlights effects of school, social service, and other institutions
-questions professional practice |
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Term
| Behaviorist theoretical framework for MR |
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Definition
Characteristics-
-behavior due to history of environmental rewards, punishments
-emphasis on how changes in environment lead to improved performance
Implications-
-successfully teaches lowest-functioning individuals self-help skills, decreases maladaptive behaviors
-teaches parents techniques to control behavior and teach new behavior |
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Term
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Definition
-higher prevalence of epilepsy in MR population than overall population
-prevalence increases as IQ decreases |
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Term
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Definition
-higher rates of emotional disorders
-total dual diagnosis ranges from 10-80% (large range) |
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Term
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Definition
| -people with MR less likely to receive a psychiatric diagnosis than those without MR who show the SAME behaviors/symptoms |
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Term
| wide range of dual diagnosis in MR due to: |
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Definition
-difinitional and identificaiton issues
-there are problem with the accurate identificaiton of both MR and mental health problems: to report accurate levels of dual diagnoes depends on valid and reliable assessments of both
-sampling issues
-prevalence of dual diagnosis depends on who yu study
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Term
| issues to consider with dual diagnosis research |
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Definition
-control groups (info. not usually reported but should be)
-relationships with age (most studies find no diff. in DD based on age)
-relationships with intellectual level (lack of agreement on if higher rates of DD are seen in mild or profound MR)
-relationships with gender (no diff.)
-maladaptive behavior |
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Term
| best predictor of success is _____ |
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Definition
| minimal level of problem behavior |
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Term
| 5 classes of consequences for problem behavior |
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Definition
-physical risks- tissue and organ damage
-social effects- isolation from family and peers
-emotional- can lead to comorbid personality problems
-educational- limited time to devote to learning
-financial costs- $3 billion annually |
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Term
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Definition
-set of procedures that define the relationsihp btw events in the environment and specific target beh.
-considered the most effective tool for the development of successful individualized behaivoral interventions for persons with MR |
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Term
| not using a functional assessment could: |
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Definition
-delay finding an effective treatment
-lead to a countertherapeutic effect
-lead to unnecessary exposre to aversive procedures
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Term
| areas of adaptive functioning |
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Definition
-communication
-self-care
-home living
-social/interpersonal skills
-use of community resources
-self-direction
-functional academic skills,work, leisure, health, and safety |
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