Term
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Definition
| motivation x ability x situational constraints |
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Term
| Maslow's hierarchy of needs |
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Definition
- self actualization
- esteem
- belongingness
- safety
- physiological
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Term
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Definition
| a reward that is tangible, visible to others, and given to employees contingent on the performance of specific tasks or behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| a natural reward associated with performing a task or activity for its own sake |
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Term
| general employee motivator tools |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a theory that states that people will be motivated when they perceive that they are being treated fairly |
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Term
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Definition
| the perceived degree to which outcomes and rewards are fairly distributed or allocated |
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Term
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Definition
| the perceived fairness of the process used to make reward allocation decisions |
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Term
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Definition
| a theory that states that behavior is a function of its consequences, that behaviors followed by negative consequences, or not followed by positive consequences, will occur less freqently |
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Term
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Definition
| a theory that states that people will be motivated to the extent to which they accept specific, challenging goals and receive feedback that indicates their progress toward goal achievement |
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Term
| distinctions between leader/manager skills |
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Definition
managers: do things right, status quo, short-term, means, builders, problem solving
leaders: do the right thing, change, long-term, ends, architects, inspiring and motivating |
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Term
| leadership behaviors and impacts |
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Definition
initiating structure- primarily affects subordinates' job performance
consideration- primarily affects subordinates' job satisfaction |
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Term
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Definition
the degree to which a leader structures the roles of followers by setting goals, giving directions, setting deadlines, and assigning tasks
affects subordinates' job performance |
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Term
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Definition
the extent to which a leader is friendly, approachable, and supportive and shows concern for employees
affects subordinates' job satisfaction |
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Term
| Fiedler's contingency theory |
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Definition
| a leadership theory that states in order to maximize work group performance, leaders must be matched to the situation that best fits their leadership style |
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Term
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Definition
| the way that leaders generally behave toward their followers; are tied to leaders' underlying needs and personalities |
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Term
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Definition
| the leader lets employees know precisely what is expected of them, gives them specific guidelines for performing tasks, schedules work, sets standards of performance, and makes sure that people follow standard rules and regulations |
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Term
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Definition
| the leader is friendly and approachable, shows concern for employees and their welfare and treats them as equals, and creates a friendly climate |
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Term
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Definition
| the leader consults employees for their suggestions and input before making decisions |
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Term
| achievement-oriented leadership |
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Definition
| the leader sets challenging goals, has high expectations of employees, and displays confidence that employees will assume responsibility and put forth extraordinary effort |
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Term
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Definition
| leadership that creates a positive image of the future that motivates organizational members and provides direction for future planning and goal setting |
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Term
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Definition
the behavioral tendencies and personal characteristics of leaders that create an exceptionally strong relationship between them and their followers
ethical vs unethical |
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Term
| transformational leadership |
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Definition
- leadership that generates awareness and acceptance of a group's purpose and mission and gets employees to see beyond their own needs and self-interests for the good of the group
- inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration
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Term
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Definition
| leadership based on an exchange process, in which followers are rewarded for good performance and punished for poor performance |
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Term
| what impacts "perceptions"? |
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Definition
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Term
| types of perceptual filters |
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Definition
| personality, psychology, or experience |
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Term
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Definition
| a theory that states that we all have a basic need to understand and explain the causes of other people's behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for people to perceive themselves as personally and situationally similar to someone who is having difficulty or trouble |
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Term
| fundamental attribution error |
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Definition
| the tendency to ignore external causes of behavior and to attribute other people’s actions to internal causes |
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Term
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Definition
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the tendency to overestimate our value by attributing successes to ourselves (internal causes) and attributing failures to others or the environment (external causes)
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Term
| formal communication channel |
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Definition
| the system of official channels that carry organizationally approved messages and information |
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Term
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Definition
| communication that flows from higher to lower levels in an organization |
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Term
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Definition
| communication that flows from lower to higher levels in an organization |
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Term
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Definition
| communication that flows among managers and workers who are at the same organizational level |
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Term
informal communication channel
(grapevine) |
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Definition
| the transmission of messages from employee to employee outside of formal communication channels |
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Term
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Definition
| one highly connected individual shares information with many other managers and workers |
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Term
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Definition
| numerous people simply tell a few of their friends |
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Term
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Definition
| feedback that disapproves without any intention of being helpful and almost always causes a negative or defensive reaction in the recipient |
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Term
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Definition
| feedback intended to be helpful, corrective, and/or encouraging |
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Term
| stages of communication process |
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Definition
- sender
- message to be conveyed
- encode message
- transmit message
- communication channel
- receive message
- decode message
- message that was under stood
- receiver
- feedback to sender
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Term
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Definition
| putting a message into written, verbal, or symbolic form that can be recognized and understood by the receiver |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which the receiver translates the written, verbal, or symbolic form of a message into an understood message |
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Term
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Definition
| in the communication process, a return message to the sender that indicates the receiver's understanding of the message |
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Term
| stages of control process |
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Definition
- set standards
- measure performance
- compare with standards
- identify deviations
- analyze deviations
- develop & implement program for corrective action
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Term
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Definition
| a basis of comparison for measuring the extent to which various kinds of organizational performance are satisfactory or unsatisfactory |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of steering or keeping on course |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of identifying outstanding practices, processes, and standards in other companies and adapting them to your company |
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Term
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Definition
| feedback, concurrent, and feedforward |
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Term
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Definition
| a mechanism for gathering information about performance deficiencies after they occur |
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Term
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Definition
| a mechanism for gathering information about performance deficiencies as they occur, thereby eliminating or shortening the delay between performance and feedback |
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Term
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Definition
| a mechanism for monitoring performance inputs rather than outputs to prevent or minimize performance deficiencies before they occur |
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Term
| traditional approaches to assessing performance |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| excellence, value, and conformance to specifications |
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Term
| stages of waste minimization |
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Definition
- waste prevention and reduction
- recycle and reuse
- waste treatment
- waste disposal
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Term
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Definition
| the strategic advantage that companies earn by being the first to use new information technology to substantially lower costs or to make a product or service different from that of competitors |
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Term
| sustainable competitive advantage |
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Definition
o Does the information technology create value for the firm by lowering costs or providing a better product or service?
§ No- competitive disadvantage
o Is the information technology the same or different across competing firms?
§ No- competitive parity
o Is it difficult for another company to create or buy the information technology used by the firm?
§ No- temporary competitive advantage
o The key is using information technology to continuously improve and support the core functions of a business.
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Term
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Definition
| the process of discovering patterns and relationships in large amounts of data |
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Term
| executive information system (EIS) |
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Definition
| a data processing system that uses internal and external data sources to provide the information needed to monitor and analyze organizational performance |
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Term
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Definition
o private company networks that allow employees to easily access, share, and publish information using internet software
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Term
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Definition
o a hybrid of executive information systems and intranets that allows managers and employees to use a web browser to gain access to customized company information and to complete specialized transactions
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Term
| benefits of high employee productivity |
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Definition
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Term
| quality characteristics of goods and services |
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Definition
reliability- average time between breakdowns
serviceability- how easy or difficult it is to fix a product
durability- the mean time to failure |
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Term
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Definition
| an integrated, principle-based, organization-wide strategy for improving product and service quality |
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