Regulatory/Nonregulatory

sleep 

food

water

sex (nonregulatory)

What brain structure is responsible

for controlling homeostatic mechanisms?

hypothalamus

Lateral Hypothalamus

-drive related behavior

"go"

(ex if hungry this lets you know then you "go"

get food)

Ventromedial Hypothalamus

-satiety

"stop setting"

(Ex lets you know when full)

afferent

connections from sensory neurons

(nerves TOWARDS cns)

-bring info TO the brain

creates drive

efferent

connections to motor neurons

(nerves LEAVING cns)

-sends info AWAY from brain

-tells body what to change

Olds and Milner Experiment

-focused on reward pathway

-misplaced electrode (rat would continue to shock itself bc electrode was on reward pathway)

Another name for the reward pathway

Medial Forebrain Bundle

Structures of the brain found in the 

reward pathway

-lateral hypothalamus

-midbrain

-basal ganglia

Stage 0-sleep cycle

-transition from wakefulness

eyes open -β waves

eyes closed -α waves

(as appraoches sleep amp↑ freq↓)

Stage 1 - sleep cycle

-begins sleep (light sleep)

- θ (theta) waves

Stage 2 -sleep cycle

Deeper sleep

θ waves

sleep spindles and k-complexes

sleep spindles

-stage 2

like beta waves (low amp high f)

k-complexes

-stage 2

-bursts of  ↑amp ↓freq (Δwaves)

Stage 3 - sleep cycle

-deeper sleep

-Δ waves (also some θ waves)

Stage 4 - sleep cycle

-deepest sleep

- 50-75% Δ waves

REM 

-θ wave (awtoothed)

-brain activity similar to awake

(dreaming)

Restoration Theory

-time for body to restore and heal

-more strenuous activity = more deep sleep

Peservation and Protection Theory

-laying somewhere quietyly is

helpful and adaptive

Manifest Dreams

dreams in which you remember

Latent Dreams

dreams in which you do not remember

Insomnia

-linked to aniety 

-lack of sleep

(1)-sleep onset insomnia

(2)-sleep maintenance insomnia

Hypersomnia

-linked with depression

-too much sleep

Narcolepsy

randomly falling asleep

Sleep Paralysis

-cant move when wake up

Sleep Apnea

-cant breathe/choke

(either neural or obstructive)

Somnambulism

-sleep walking

Peripheral Feedback Theory

(James)

-arousal IS the emotion

-sympathetic response is the emotion

stimulus --> perception --> bodily arousal --> emotion

                       (sympathetic response)

Cognition Feedback Theory

(Schatchter and Singer)

-although peripheral arousal impt need cognitive interpretation

stimulus-->perception-->peripheral response &

                                        cognitive response

Cognitive Appraisal

determining which emotion you have

Peripheral Arousal

tells you how strong

the emotion is

Facial Feedback Theory

-facial expression tells you what mood you're in

ex: "e" smiling therefore happier

What brain structures play a role in

emotional behavior?

(OAT)

-orbital frontal cortex (if damaged sociopath/antisocial)

-amygdala (if damaged - psychic blindness

-cant interpret stimuli)

-thalamus

β waves

↓amp ↑freq

-fast and irregular

-awake and alert (eyes focused)

(as amp gets higher and freq lower get into 

a deeper sleep)

α waves

awake

eyes shut

larger more regular waves

(b/c much activity goes to vision)

θ waves

Stage 1 + stage 2 (sleep spindles)

↓ amp ↑freq

Δ waves

↑amp ↓freq

slow regular waves

Deep sleep

Sawtooth θ waves

paradoxical sleep

↓amp ↑freq