Term
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Definition
| Any condition within a person that is essential for life, growth and well-being. |
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Term
| What are the four types of "needs"? |
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Definition
- Physiological
- Psychological
- Social
- Quasi |
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Term
| What is the difference between psychological and social needs? |
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Definition
Psychological needs exist within human nature and are inherent to everyone. (autonomy, competence, relatedness)
Social needs arise from unique personal experience and vary from person to person. (achievement, affiliation, intimacy, power) |
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Term
| What body parts do physiological needs involve? |
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Definition
| they are cyclical (rise and fall) and involve biological systems such as neural brain circuits, hormones and bodily organs |
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Term
| What body parts do psychological and social needs involve? |
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Definition
| they are constant and involve central nervous system processing |
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Term
| What are two motivational effects of needs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between deficiency and growth needs? |
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Definition
by the emotions each generate:
deficiency generates tension, pain, stress, anxiety-- and relief.
growth generates interest, enjoyment and vitality. |
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Term
| What are the four components causing behavior? |
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Definition
Initiate
Direction
Persitence
Change/Stop |
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Term
| What occurs due to an unmet need? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is similar across all needs? |
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Definition
| Generate energy to prevent damage to body or well being |
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Term
| What are the two key parts of deficiency motivation? |
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Definition
- reduce the deficit (hunger, thirst)
- avoidance motivation (anxious/calm) |
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Term
| What are the two key parts of growth motivation? |
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Definition
- advance development (learn, make friends)
- approach motivation (happy/sad) |
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Term
| What are the two innate "needs"? |
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Definition
- Physiological
- Psychological |
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Term
| What are the two learned "needs"? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are examples of Quasi needs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do physiological needs entail? |
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Definition
| deficient biological condition |
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Term
| What are the seven components of a physiological need being satisfied? |
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Definition
1. physiological need
2. psychological drive
3. homeostasis
4. negative feedback
5. multiple inputs/outputs
6. intraorganismic mechanisms
7. extraorganismic mechanisms |
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Term
| What does a physiological need become before it can energize and direct behavior? |
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Definition
| The motivational aspect which is a psychological drive, or conscious manifestion of a biological need |
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Term
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Definition
| a term describing the body's tendency to maintain a stable, internal state |
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Term
| In Hull's drive theory, what does drive cause? |
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Definition
| psychological discomfort which prompts appeasing action |
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Term
| What is negative feedback? |
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Definition
| homeostasis' physiological stop system. (to avoid over doing it) |
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Term
| What are multiple inputs/outputs? |
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Definition
| the idea that there can be a number of different sources of needs, as well as a number of different behaviors to appease them |
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Term
| What is intracellular fluid? |
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Definition
| Fluid inside our cells that make up 40% of our body weight and is depleted by sweating. |
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Term
| What is extracellular fluid? |
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Definition
| fluid outside of the cells which makes up 20% of our body weight and is lost through bleeding. |
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Term
| What is osmometric thirst? |
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Definition
| Loss of intracellular fluid through sweat |
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Term
| What is volumetric thirst? |
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Definition
| Loss of extracellular fluid through blood loss. |
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Term
| What three negative feedbacks can stop thirst? |
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Definition
- number of swallows
- full stomach
- cellular hydration which is strongest |
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Term
| What biological mechanism regulates the amount of water in the kidneys and liver? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three environmental influences to how we fill physiological needs such as thirst? |
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Definition
- social/cultural influences
- traditions
- peer pressure
- substance addiction |
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Term
| What are the three processes of hunger? |
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Definition
- glucostatic
- lipostatic
- social/cognitive |
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Term
| What is the glucostatic hunger process? |
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Definition
| Short term biological need determined by liver monitoring blood glucose and stomach cues based on acidity stimulation and pressure on walls. |
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Term
| What is the lipostatic hunger process? |
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Definition
| long term biological need based on homeostatic balance for stored fat |
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Term
| What is the cultural/social hunger process? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the lateral hypothalamus responsible for? |
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Definition
| When blood glucose is low it activates and we become hungry. |
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Term
| What is the ventromedial hypothalamus responsible for? |
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Definition
| When the blood glucose is high it activates and we feel satiated. |
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Term
| What is the set-point theory? |
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Definition
| Each person has a pre-determined body weight slightly malleable based on long term diets and age |
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Term
| What is the social facillitation effect? |
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Definition
| People eat more in groups. |
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Term
| What is sex regulated by? |
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Definition
-Hormones
-Pheromones
-Arousal/Environment |
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Term
| What hormones are found in testes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone is found in the ovaries? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the five aspects of the physiological sexual response cycle? |
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Definition
trigger -> desire -> arousal -> orgasm -> resolution
stronger in males |
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Term
| What are the five components of the relational sexual response cycle? |
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Definition
intimacy -> arousal -> desire -> encounter -> enhanced intimacy
stronger for females |
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Term
| What brain structure is responsible for releasing hormones that desire sex? |
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Definition
| hypothalamus through the adrenal gland |
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Term
| What is habituation and sexual stimuli? |
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Definition
| Repeated exposure lessens arousal |
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Term
| What are five universal sexual appeals? |
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Definition
- youthfulness
- health
- kindness
- intelligence
- reproductive capacity |
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Term
| What sexual appeals are particularly male? |
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Definition
| attractiveness, short term focus |
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Term
| What sexual appeals are particularly female? |
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Definition
| Status and power, long term focus |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of people's judgments of the attractiveness of facial characteristics |
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Term
| What three categories of attractiveness do facial metrics identify? |
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Definition
- neonatal
- sexually mature
- expressive |
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Term
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Definition
| mental control over physiological needs |
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Term
| What three things cause failure of self-regulation? |
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Definition
- underestimation of motivational force of physiological need
- lack of or unrealistic goals
- distraction or competing goals, overwhelmed |
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