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| inner state that energizes behavior toward the fulfillment of a goal |
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| an unlearned, relatively fixed pattern of behavior that is essential to a species' survival |
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| based on the concept of HOMEOSTASIS ((creating a physiological need)) which in turn produces a DRIVE that motivates the organism to satisfy the need |
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| Keeping physiological systems internally balanced by adjusting with RESPONSE to change |
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| physiological state of arousal that MOVES organism to meet a need |
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UNLEARNED drives
arise from basic biological needs
i.e. need for food and water |
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acquired drives that are learned by being associated with primary drives
i.e. need to acquire money |
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Idea that we perform best when we are at an INTERMEDIATE level of arousal
our personal Optimal level |
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focuses on the role of external factors in motivation
how things "pull" us in a certain direction |
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| + or - stimulus in environment that ATTRACTS or REPELS us |
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motivation to engage in behavior/activity because one finds it interesting or enjoyable for its OWN sake
motivated by act itself (your goal) |
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| motivation/engaging in behavior b/c of the external REWARDS it can provide |
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ultimate goal of human growth
realization of one's full potential |
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being full to satisfaction
i.e. to food |
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eaters who worry about/ try to controls what and how much they eat
when stressed, more likely to have difficulty with self control |
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| eaters who are relatively UNCONCERNED about controlling eating habits |
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a learned preconception about how a series of even perceived as sexual is likely to occur
learned from environment, stored in memory, and used as guide in behavior |
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forced sexual intercourse that occurs between people who are acquainted or romantically involved
i.e. Date Rape |
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false belief that women enjoy forcible sex and find it sexually exciting
"no really means yes" |
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main goal is to sexually reproduce and thereby pass one's genes on to the next generation
-Sexual Desire |
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goal is to establish and maintain a strong emotional bond b/t two people
-Romantic Love and Infant's survival |
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Term
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FOUR stages of sexual responding
-excitement
-plateau
-orgasm
-resolution |
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male sex hormone in both men and women that have + influence in sexual desire
additional testosterone stimulates growth of male sex organs in fetus and male characteristics during puberty |
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degree to which a person is sexually attracted to same/opposite sex
dawning awareness of sexual orientation usually occurs during Adolescence |
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| refers to the identity a person organizes around his/her sexual orientation |
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| born with "assigned sex" but feels that gender identity is the OTHER sex |
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| system of cultural beliefs, values, and customs that exalts heterosexuality and enies, denigrates, and stigmatizes any NONHETEROSEXUAL form of behavior/identity |
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need to interact with others and be socially accepted
need for affiliation |
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| Need for Achievement ((n-Ach)) |
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| desire to overcome obstacles and meet high standards of excellence |
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| Thematic Apperception Test ((TAT)) |
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| a test in which people "project" their inner feelings and motives through stories they make up of AMBIGUOUS pictures |
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| + or - feeling state which includes physiological arousal, cognitive appraisal, and behavioral expression |
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| informal norms governing what emotions are appropriate in diff. circumstances for particular people |
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a machine that measures responses for the sympathetic nervous system accompanying emotion
such as respiration, hear rate, blood pressure, and perspiration
lie-detector test |
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theory stating that emotion-provoking events induce specific physiological changes in the AUTONOMIC nervous system
which our brain interprets as emotions |
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| theory that emotion-provoking events induce both PHYSIOLOGICAL responses and subjective states labeled as emotions |
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| Facial Feedback Hypothesis |
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| theory of emotion proposing that SPECIFIC FACIAL EXPRESSIONS trigger the subjective experience of specific emotions |
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| theory of emotion suggesting that our emotional states are sometimtes determined by experiencing physiological arousal and then attaching a cognitive label to the arousal |
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| a theory of emotion suggesting that every emotion triggers an opposite emotion |
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internal theories
Motivation as instinct
moativation as a need or Drive Reduction Theory (back to homeostasis)
Motivation as need for Optimal level of arisal |
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external theories
Incentive Theory
environment pulling us in certain directions |
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| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs |
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Definition
| ultimate goal of human growth: Self Actualization |
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Definition
excitement
plateu
orgasm
resolution |
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| High need for achievement |
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Definition
moderately difficult
high desire for success
low fear of failure |
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| EXTREMELY difficult or easy |
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