Box 3- 3:  Sense of Smell:  Nose as an Aid to Physical Examination:  

- Based on the condition, list the possible source of disorder and type of odor

INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM

Source:  Phenylalanine hydroxylase defect

Type of Odor:  Mousy

Source:  Tuberculosis

Type of Odor:  Fishy

Box 3-3:  Sense of Smell:  Nose as an Aid to Physical Examination:  

- Based on the condition, list the possible source of disorder and type of odor.

INFECTIOUS DISEASE

Source:  Tuberculosis

Type of Odor:  Stale Beer

Source:  Diphtheria

Type of Odor:  Sweetish

Box 3-3:  Sense of Smell:  Nose as an Aid to Physical Examination:  

- Based on the condition, list the possible source of disorder and type of odor.

INGESTION OF POISONS OR TOXINS

Source:  Cyanide

Type of Odor:  Bitter Almond

Source:  Chloroform and Salicylates

Type of Odor:  Fruity

Box 3-3:  Sense of Smell:  Nose as an Aid to Physical Examination:  

- Based on the condition, list the possible sourc of disorder and type of odor.

PHYSIOLOGICAL NONDISEASE STATES

(e.g. such as foreign bodies (e.g., in the nose or vagina)

Source: Organic material (e.g. bean in a child's nose)

Type of Odor:Foul smelling discharge

Box 3-1:  Types of Latex Reactions

IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS

• Chemical irritation that does not involve the immune system
• Symptoms are usually dry, itching, irritated areas on teh skin, typically the hands.

Box 3-1:  Types of Latex Reactions

TYPE IV DERMATITIS (DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY)

• Allergic contact dermativitis that involves immune system and is caused by the chemicals used in latex products.
• The skin reaction usually begins 24 to 48 hours after contact and resembles that caused by poison ivy.  The reaction may progress to oozing skin blisters.

Box 3-1:  Types of Latex Reactions

TYPE 1 SYSTEMIC REACTIONS

• True allergic reaction caused by protein Abs (IgE)
• Forninteraction between a foreign protein and the body's immune system.
• Ab-Ag Rxn causes release of histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins,a nd kinins.  These chemicals cause the symptoms of allergic reactions
• SYMPTOMS:
• Local Uticaria (skin wheals)
• Generalized Uticaria with angioedema (tissue swelling)
• Asthma, eye/nose itching and gastrointestinal symptoms
• Anaphylaxis (cardiovascular colapse)
• Chronic asthma, and permanent lung damage.