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Definition
-Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching
-cell line transgenic for a target protein fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP)
-rate at which the spot recovers, then, is related to the instrinsic motility of your target protein at that place in the cell |
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Definition
| -dispersed instead of being tightly condensed as it is in the familiar metaphase chromosome structures |
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Definition
| contain DNA that is still in a relatively compact organization |
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Term
| constitutive heterochromatin |
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Definition
| permanent feature of all cells and represents DNA that contains no genes and so can always be retained in compact organization |
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| facultative heterochromatin |
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Definition
not a permanent feature but it seen in some cells some of the time
-thought to contain genes that are inactive in some cells or at some periods of the cell cycle |
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Definition
| parts of the chromosomal DNA where the active genes are located are less compact and permit entry of the expression of the DNA |
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Definition
| a way to measure the accessibility of the genome and hence potential for gene activity at a particular spot |
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Definition
-Matrix-associated regions (MAR) or Scaffold attachment regions (SAR)
-are the attachment point to the matrix by AT-rich sequences
-they are DNA |
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Definition
| -protein like network that permeate the cell |
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Definition
| -loops of DNA between the nuclear matrix attachment points |
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Definition
| delineated by treating a region of purified chromatin with DNAse I which, being a DNA-binding protein, cannot gain access to the more compacted regions of DNA |
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Definition
-even though a colony produces clones, different genes can have different levels of activity due to the position effect
-suppressor genes live in tightly bound histones |
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Term
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Definition
-genetic elements that allow the expression of a gene regardless of chromosomal neighborhood--tight or loose
-prevent other signals that normally regulate |
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Term
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Definition
| -differ from insulators in that they also stimulate gene expression of their own |
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Term
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Definition
-how tightly a histone bind determines the expression of the gene
-main regulator is the N terminus of each of the histones in the octamer--protruding outside the nucleosome
-if acetyl groups are added to the lysines, the histones don't bind the DNA as well-->greater gene expression |
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Term
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Definition
| -loosening of the histone grip that leads to the creation of DNAse I sensitivity |
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Term
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Definition
| -Histone acetyltransferases; add acetyl groups to increase expression |
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Term
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Definition
| Histone deaetylases act to decrease gene expression |
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Term
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Definition
DNA methyltransferase transfer methyl groups to the DNA to bind to cytosine bands
-generally preceded by the CpG islands
-island is methylated the gene is turned off
-methylation occurs to replicate the on/off signals in a newly made DNA strand or to bring about changes |
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Term
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Definition
-Methyl-CpG-binding proteins
-bind the off signals that attract HDACs which take the acetyl groups off of the histone |
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Term
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Definition
| one allele silenced, the other not |
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Term
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Definition
one entire X chromosome silenced (condenses to form Barr Body) the homologous chromosome not silenced
-making XXXY or XXX genotype have only one X chromosome |
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