Term
| crossing-over and independent assortment |
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Definition
crossing over and independent assortment promote genetic variation.
Crossing over: two chromosomes exchange fragments; occurs between homologous chromosomes (Prophase 1).
Independent Assortment: refers to the random assignment of pairs of chromosomes. |
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| the genes of organisms within a population change. Gene alleles determine distinct traits that can be passed on from parents to offspring. |
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| any of the rod-shaped or threadlike DNA-containing structures of cellular organisms that are located in the nucleus, and contain all or most of the genes of the organism |
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| A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each the same as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth. |
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| A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell. |
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| The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring. |
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| The first of the two consecutive divisions of the nucleus of eukaryotic cell during meiosis, and composed of the following stages: prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, and telophase I. |
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| The second of the two consecutive divisions of the nucleus of eukaryotic cell during meiosis, and composed of the following stages: prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II. |
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| Production of egg or ovum. |
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| The process occurring in the male gonad of sexually reproducing organism wherein the undifferentiated male germ cells develop into spermatocytes, which then transform into spermatozoa. |
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| A male gametocyte derived from a spermatogonium, and gives rise to haploid spermatids through meiosis. |
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| A cell in an ovary that may undergo meiotic division to form an ovum. |
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| Each of the small cells that bud off from an oocyte at the two meiotic divisions and do not develop into ova. |
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| Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. |
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| Helicases are a class of enzymes vital to all living organisms. They are motor proteins that move directionally along a nucleic acid phosphodiester backbone, separating two annealed nucleic acid strands |
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| A compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA. |
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| the enzyme responsible for DNA replication. |
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Definition
l- moves along the old strand in the 3'-5' direction, creating a new strand having a 5'-3' direction.
lll-to add nucleotides to the end of a growing DNA strand |
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| RNA polymerase is an enzyme that produces RNA.In cells, RNA Polymerase is needed for constructing RNA chains from DNA genes as templates, a process called transcription. |
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Definition
| Forms an RNA primer strand required by the okazaki fragments. |
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| RNA primers are used to initiate the DNA replication at the template strand. |
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| The leading strand is the template strand of the DNA double helix so that the replication fork moves along it in the 3' to 5' direction. |
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| The lagging strand is the strand of the template DNA double helix that is oriented so that the replication fork moves along it in a 5' to 3' manner. |
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