Term
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Definition
12 years from initiation and parent
7 years from parent to met potential
3 years from met potential to death
19 years till danger |
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Term
| Brain cancer proof molecular basis |
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Definition
| CD133+ cells required to implant cancer but majority cells in cancer CD 133- |
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Term
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Definition
autocrine self growth in astrocytoma
osteosarcoma |
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Term
| EGF receptor overexpression |
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Definition
Her2Neu (endodermal groth factor receptor): Breast and ovarian cancer
Ras = downstream, will not respond to monoclonal antibodies to this |
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Term
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Definition
thyroid cancer, MEN syndromes
(constiuatively active or paired receptors) |
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Term
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Definition
constituatively active cell surface recpt
*ADNOCARCINOMA LUNG NONSMOKER* |
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Term
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Definition
(9:22) CML - protein kinase
abl = kinase w/o inhibitor
hybrid gene fusion with different kinase targets |
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Term
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Definition
= downstream G-protein signalling
mutations codons 12&13 stop GTP to GDP transformation
most common oncogene |
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Term
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Definition
(downstream RAS): theonine/serine kinase
V600E
melanoma, colorectal,thyroid cancers |
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Term
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Definition
| AR tumor repressor gene (GTP-ase activator): missing melanoma also |
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Term
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Definition
regulates B-catenin transcription factor
many colorectal cancers |
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Term
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Definition
PI3K regulator (tumor supressor):
PI3K phosphorlates and recuits atk, and activates mTOR
biomarkers mTOR sensitive breast cancer |
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Term
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Definition
transcription factor
c-myc burkits lymhoma
l-myc lung cancer
n-myc neuroblastoma
appears in double minutes or homologous staining regions |
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Term
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Definition
deleted or underexpressed lung cancer (act as tumor supressor here)
increases RAS expression |
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Term
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Definition
cell cycle regulator protein G1-S
RETINOBLASTOMA/OSTEOSARCOMA:
-hypophosphorlated binds E2F to supress
-cyclin->CDK->hyperphosphorlated RB = no supression
-p16 - inhibits CDK
E7 by HPV phosphorlates RB |
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Term
Knudsons hypothesis
warburg effect |
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Definition
1 hit 2 hit model for tumor supressor inheretance (think RB)
effect = increase in glycolysis |
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Term
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Definition
| BCL-1 gene in Mantle cell lymphoma ...overexpression leads to phosphorlation RB |
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Term
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Definition
gene in ataxia/telangiectasia:
senses and repairs DNA breaks in chromatin by phosphorlating and activating p53
HPV inhibitis p53
Also phosphorlates H2AX, which leads to k63 ubiquination which in turn activates BRCA 1 |
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Term
| Nucleotide Excision repair |
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Definition
Needed to repair x-linked Py DNA by UV
defect = xeroderma pigmentosa
1. global slow
2. transcription fast |
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Term
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Definition
for damage due to ROS (smoke)
- base then backbone then polymerase |
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Term
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Definition
By MSH complexes:
delta MSH2/MLDH1 = common cancer lynch
Delta PMS2/MSH6 = less common
lead to microsatelite instability and measured by CG repeats |
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Term
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Definition
HR alignes broken DS DNA strands and invades them to allow broken ends to copy homologs.
DEFECT = BRCA1/BRCA2 = breast/ovarian cancer |
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Term
| Nonhomologous end joining |
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Definition
| Ku heterodimer senses DS break and fuses together ... error prone |
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Term
| Translesional DNA synthesis |
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Definition
responds to thimine dimers by using alternative polymerases k and b.
high error rate as well |
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Term
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Definition
| myc overexpression in burkitts lymphoma |
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Term
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Definition
- "MO" means turns off transcription
occurs at CpG islands (promotors) |
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Term
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Definition
| gene transcription upregulated |
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Term
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Definition
4 = on
9 = off
ALL1 = h3 methyltransferase increases transcription |
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Term
| colorectal cancer mechanisms |
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Definition
1. APC/MYH = polyp to kras/p53... male>female, L>R, most sporatic and FAP
2. = BRAF/cimp = serrated with high microsatellite. Serrated with
female>male, R>L about 20% sporatic
3. = LYNCH = defect MSH2/MLH1/PMS2 dna mismatch repair...starts as nonserrated adenoma |
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Term
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Definition
FAP: develope hundreds benign (APC)... tx is total procolectomy
lynch = few tumors with high progression rate...tx is frequent colonoscopy younge..subtotal colectomy |
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Term
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Definition
signal phase, integration phase, execution phase with caspases 3,6,7
extrinsis = TNF and Fas
intrinsic= pro = Bax/bad/bak
anti = bcl2 --> pores mito yield cytochrome c wich yields afp ->caspase
karposi sarcoma express |
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Term
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Definition
bcl1 = phosphorlator/cyclin D1 (mantle)
bcl2 = anti-apoptosis |
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Term
| necrosis and autophagy advances |
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Definition
autophagy: survive poor blood
necrosis: attact progrowth inflam cells |
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Term
| What virus increases telomerase |
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Definition
EBV for B cells
usually aquired after transformation |
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Term
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Definition
promylocytic AML
joins pml to retinoic acid receptor
use ATRA to treat first |
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Term
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Definition
trapped endothelial cell matrix
pro-angiogenic factor
thromboplasmin 1 - anti angiogenic |
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Term
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Definition
EMT:
1. mphage secrete protease
2. stromal stem secrete ccl5 for inva
3. slug = melanoma = inherent
decreased ecadherin = loss attachemnt
secrete tgf to recruit T/NK cells |
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Term
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Definition
1. sarcoma to lung
2. lung c. to brain
3. colorectal to liver
1. clear kidney to thyroid
2. breast to ovary
3. prostate to bone via SDF1
4. melanoma to liver |
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