Term
| Reason why a cell packages DNA into chromosomes |
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Definition
-Protect it from damage
-Package DNA for segregation into daughter cells |
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Term
| T or F: Increased acetylation of histones will allow for more gene transcription. |
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Definition
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Term
| Statements that are INCORRECT |
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Definition
-S phase of the cell cycle is when DNA is most compact
-the "thumb" region in DNA polymerase is the catalytic site keeping nucleotides in place |
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Term
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Definition
| -DNA replocatopm amd transcription both copy the whole genome, just transcription makes all genomic DNA into RNA, replication makes an exact copy. |
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Term
| Correct order of removal of RNA primer after DNA replication |
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Definition
| RNaseH, exonuclease, DNA polymerase, ligase |
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Term
| RNA polymerase I makes ____. RNA polymerase II makes ____. RNA polymerase III makes ____. |
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Definition
-Ribosomal RNA's
-mRNA's
-tRNA's |
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Term
| NOT required for splicing |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Donor, branch point, acceptor |
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Term
| Order of loading of "machineries" onto the CTD tail |
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Definition
| capping, splicing, polyadenylation |
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Term
| Correct kozak consensus sequence |
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Definition
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Term
| Factors associated with RNA polymerase II |
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Definition
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Term
| NOT required for translation |
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Definition
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Term
| Phase in cell cycle where cohesin is most "active" |
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Definition
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Term
| Phase of the cell to find an active DNA Helicase ____. Phase to predict the gene to transcribe DNA helicase would be activated to synthesize and prepare helicase molecules ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Molecule that "tags" some cyclins for degradation by proteosomes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Enzymes required during DNA replication |
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Definition
| Helicase, RNaseH, topoisomerase, DNA polymerase |
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Term
| Incorrect statements again |
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Definition
| DNA replication often has many errors |
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Term
| Smaller nucleotide sequence |
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Definition
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Term
| Difference between DNase I footprinting and mobility shift assay |
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Definition
-DNase I footprinting: shows entire, exact sequence.
-Mobility shift: only shows sequence thats migrating on gel b/c its protected by proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
-Protect RNA from degredation
-Enhance efficiency of splicing |
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Term
| What if RNA polymerase has defective CTD tail |
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Definition
-CTD tail recruits proteins needed for events in RNA processing.
-if defective, machinery and proteins needed for processing wouldnt be recruited |
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Term
| How standard lariat generating splicing reaction occurs |
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Definition
- 2'OH on A of branch point braks phosphodiester bond b/w first exon and G on intron.
-Free 5' end on intron binds to branch.
-3' end on first exon braks phosphodiester bond b/w 2nd exon and intron
-intron (lariat) is released and exon-exon linkage forms. |
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Term
| Advantage to a cell that undergoes alternative splicing |
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Definition
-More variability will occur
-More mutation to decrease amount of heritable disease
-Diff proteins can arise from alternative splicing |
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Term
| Diff b/w aminoacyl-tRNA and peptidyl-tRNA |
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Definition
-Animoacyl-tRNA: tRNA bound to amino acids. Charged.
-Peptidyl-tRNA: tRNA bound to growing peptide chain. Not charged. |
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Term
| G0: One type of cyclin-dependent might do in this phase |
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Definition
| Cyclins made and activated to turn on DNA replication |
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Term
| G0: type of checkpoint activity might occur before progression to next phase |
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Definition
| checkpoint to make sure pre-replication complex is assembled correcting before entering S phase |
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Term
| S: One type of cyclin-dependent might do in this phase |
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Definition
| Cyclins activated to prompt entry into M phase |
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Term
| S: type of checkpoint activity might occur before progression to next phase |
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Definition
| checkpoint to make sure DNA was replicated correctly |
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Term
| M: One type of cyclin-dependent might do in this phase |
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Definition
| cyclins to make sure correct genes activated to create correct condensing of chromosomes |
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Term
| M: type of checkpoint activity might occur before progression to next phase |
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Definition
| checkpoint to check for DNA damage |
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Term
| What happens in thumb domain of DNA polymerase |
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Definition
| holds polymerase in place |
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Term
| What happens in palm domain of DNA polymerase |
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Definition
| catalytic site; keeps nucleotides in place |
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Term
| What happens in fingers domain of DNA polymerase |
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Definition
| brings in new dNTP to be added |
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Term
| Why pre-RC complex will not be created when CDK levels are high in cell. |
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Definition
CDK levels high, pre-RC complex formation is inhibited and activation is activated.
-Pre-RC complex formation occurs when CDK levels low in G phase and inhibited when they are high in S phase to prevents copying DNA again |
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Term
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Definition
| entire nucleotide sequence required for synthesis of new gene product including reulatory elements outside ora |
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Term
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Definition
| chaperone associated with sliding clamp during DNA replication to recruit histones and assemble nucleosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| sequence on cDNA cyclin that targets ubiquitin binding for degredation |
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Term
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Definition
| organizing DNA protein that condense chromosome w/in 1 sister chromatid for tighter packaging |
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Term
| Nascent transcript analysis |
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Definition
| technique that allows to determine the TSS from size of transcripts made from known restriction fragments |
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme catalyzes reaction of splicing machinery to remove introns and join exons |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibit S phase inhibitor, pre-RC made |
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Term
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Definition
| pre-RC complex activated, DNA replication |
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Term
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Definition
| mitosis occurs, cohesin, (SMC) forms |
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Term
| What anaphase promoting complex does |
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Definition
-promote cell to anaphase. proteins bind to sister chromatids and securin protease attacks.
-cohesion dismantled and mitotic spindles pull chromosomes apart |
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Term
| 4 deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTP's) |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to laminin filaments during mitosis and what stage this happens in |
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Definition
| lamin filaments depolymerize in prophase |
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Term
| What would happen if cell lacking helicase |
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Definition
-DNA replication couldnt occur b/c no enzyme toopen dsDNA.
-also inhibit transcription and translation |
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Term
| What would happen if had cell with helicase, but no topoisomerase |
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Definition
-w/ helicase could unwind
-no topoisomerase the + supercoil would create too much tension after helicase uncound X number of bases that DNA couldnt relieve supercoil and replication would cease |
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Term
| What would happen if cell lacking functional DNA clamp |
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Definition
-DNA poly. would go slow replicating 20-100bp before dissociates from stands and drifts off.
-clamp holds DNA tightly and allows to disassociate but not freely, makes sure it comes back to SAME PRIMER and starts again |
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Term
| NOT function of chromosomes |
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Definition
-provide template for translation machinery
-organize DNA in long strands of loosely associated strings |
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Term
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Definition
-exist as octamers when bound to DNA
-histone proteins recycled during DNA replication and reassembled once DNA strand is replicated
-acetylation of histones allows DNA to be more loosely packed allowing for transcription of genes |
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Term
| 4 things required for translation |
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Definition
-mRNA
-tRNA
-ribosome
-aminoacyl tRNA syntnase |
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Term
| Major promoter elements in typical eukaryotic promoter w/ transcriptional start site |
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Definition
-UCE: upstream contol element for transcription factors needed
-BRE: recognizes TFIIB
-TATA: Tbp binds here
-Inr: location of transcription start site
-DPE: down stream promoter element |
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Term
| diff w/e charged and uncharged tRNA |
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Definition
-charged: tRNA and amino acid
-uncharged: tRNA alone, no amino acid |
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Term
| what is microsatellite DNA and how generated |
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Definition
-simple sequence DNA. nearly perfect short sequences
-generate through backward slippage of daughter strands on template b/c 2 copies of same sequence seen |
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Term
| RNA polymerase I makes what type of RNA? What would happen if defective? |
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Definition
-ribosomal RNAs
-wouldnt have ribosomes with proteins.
-polypeptide synthesis wouldnt occur b/c this catalyzes it |
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Term
| RNA polymerase II makes what type of RNA? What would happen if defective? |
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Definition
-mRNA
-couldnt splice b/c makes snRNAs for splicing |
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Term
| RNA polymerase III makes what type of RNA? What would happen if defective? |
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Definition
-tRNA, 5S rRNA, snRNA
-peptide synthesis wouldnt occur |
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Term
| How 30nm fiber put together |
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Definition
-tails interact w/ adjacent nucleosomes
-histone tail lysines undergo acytlatin so + charge of lysine is neutralized allowing dissociatoin from DNA
-increase acytilatoin=decrease compaction |
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Term
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Definition
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