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| The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating |
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| Mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people |
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Mental Image Matching new items to the Prototype provides a quick and easy method for including item in a category (When comparing) |
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| Methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem |
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| Simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently |
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Sudden realization of solution to problem (AHA! Moment) |
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| Tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions |
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An impediment to problem solving Inability to see a problem from new perspective |
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| Tendency to approach a problem in particular way that has worked in the past |
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| Tendency to think of things only in terms of their visual functions (Dime & Screwdriver) |
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| Representativeness Heuristic |
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Judging likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent or match. (Professor and Truck Driver with poetry) |
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Estimating the likelihood of events based on their avaliability in memory (Broken Promise=Expect to recur often) |
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tendency to be more confident than correct Overestimate accuracy of one's beliefs and judgements |
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the way an issue is presented (90% live/ 10% Die) |
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| Tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid or valid conclusions seem invalid |
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| Clinging to one's initial conceptions after the bias on which they were formed has been discredited |
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| Spoken, written, signed words and ways we combine them to communicate |
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| In language, smallest distinctive sounds unit |
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| In language, smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (Prefix) |
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| In language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others |
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| The set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning |
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| The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language |
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| Starts at 4 months, stage of speech development in which an infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first, related to house hold language |
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Stage in speech dev. 1-2 years, child speaks single words |
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2 years Can only form two word statements |
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Early stage in which a child speaks like a telegram, "Go car" Mostly nouns and verbs and omitting auxillary words |
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