Term
| the general term for the primary sex organs is what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the male and female gonads? |
|
Definition
| testes in males and ovaries in females. |
|
|
Term
| the general term for the reproductive cells is what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the male and female gametes are called what? |
|
Definition
| sperm cells in males and secondary oocytes in females. |
|
|
Term
| the primary sex organs have 2 main functions: production of ___ and production of ___. |
|
Definition
| gamates and sex hormones. |
|
|
Term
| the major male sex hormone is ___ and the major female sex hormone is ___. |
|
Definition
| testosterone and estrogen. |
|
|
Term
| the crhomosomes for females are ___ and for males are ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which male structure produce sperm and male sex hormone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which male structures are ducts that serve as passage ways for sperm? list 4 |
|
Definition
| ductus vas deferens, urethra, ejaculatory duct and the epididymis. |
|
|
Term
| what male structures are considered external genitalia? list 2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which male structure are accessory glands that produce seminal fluid? list 3 |
|
Definition
| seminal vesicle, prostate and bulbourethral glands. |
|
|
Term
| which male structure are the gonads? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| each testis lies within a skin covered sac called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 parts of the testis? |
|
Definition
| seminiferous tublules and Leydig cells (interstitial cells) |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the seminiferous tubules? |
|
Definition
| they are where sperm is produced. they make the seminal fluid. |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the Leydig cells? |
|
Definition
| they secrete testosterone and androgen. |
|
|
Term
| what cells are found with in the seminiferous tubules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the Sertoli cells? |
|
Definition
| support and protect developing sperm. create the blood-testis barrier, prevent an immune response against the spermotogenic cells surface antigens. |
|
|
Term
| during embryological development, where do the testes form? |
|
Definition
| near the kidneys in posterior portion of the abdomen. |
|
|
Term
| the testes descend into the scrotum passing through an opening in the abdominal muscles called ____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| latter half of the 7th month of development. |
|
|
Term
| what is the spermatic cord and how does it form? |
|
Definition
| a supporting structure that ascends out of scrotum. formed when testis decend in utero. from testis to deep inguinal ring. |
|
|
Term
| what structures are contained within the spermatic cord? |
|
Definition
| ductus (vas) deferens, arteries, veins,lymphatic vessels, nerves, cremaster muscle and connective tissue. |
|
|
Term
| why is the complete descent of the testes necessary for normal sperm development? |
|
Definition
| "cryptorchidism" cells involved in spermatogenesis are destroyed by higher temperatures of the pelvic cavity. |
|
|
Term
| where is the site of final sperm mutation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are formed from the union of ductus deferens and duct from seminal vesicle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what passes through the prostate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what extends through the penis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which male reproductive tracts are paired? |
|
Definition
| ductus (vas) deferens, ejaculatory duct, and epididymis |
|
|
Term
| which male reproductive tracts are unpaired? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| highly coiled tube located in the scrotum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contained with in the spermatic cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| has urinary and reproductive functions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name the ducts of the male system in the proper order starting with the seminiferous tubules of the testes |
|
Definition
| epididymis-vas deferens-urethra (?pg 6 #3) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sperm cells and seminal fluid |
|
|
Term
| what are the substances found in seminal fluid and their functions? |
|
Definition
| clotting proteins: help semen coagulate after ejaculation. fructose:used for ATP production by sperm. prostaglandins: contribute to sperm motility and viability. |
|
|
Term
| which male accessory reproductive glands enlarge w/ age? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which male accessory reproductive glands are paired? |
|
Definition
| seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands. |
|
|
Term
| which male accessory reproductive glands secrete most of the semen volume? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which male accessory reproductive glands secrete mucous? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which male accessory reproductive glands empty into the efaculatory duct? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which male accessory reproductive glands empty into the urethra? |
|
Definition
| bulbourethral glands and prostate |
|
|
Term
| which male accessory reproductive glands secrete fluid containing nutrients for sperm? |
|
Definition
| prostate and seminal vesicles |
|
|
Term
| which male accessory reproductive gland secretes alkaline fluid? |
|
Definition
| seminal vesicles and bulbourethral |
|
|
Term
| name the male accessory reproductive glands in the order in which they add their secretions to semen |
|
Definition
| seminal, prostate, bulbourethral |
|
|
Term
| what is the volume of semen in a typical ejaculation and what is the normal sperm count? |
|
Definition
| 2.5 - 5 mL, 50-150 Million sperm/mL. (if there is less than 20 million /mL the male is considered infertile!) |
|
|
Term
| The male external genitalia consists of the ___ and the ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the urethra passes through which vascular tissue of the penis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which vascular tissue of the penis is paired? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which vascular tissue of the penis forms the glans penis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| circumsision removes the what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the receptors for the erection reflex? |
|
Definition
| touch receptors on the external genitalia. visual, tactile, auditory, olfactory, or imagines. parasympathetic fivers from the sacral spinal cord. |
|
|
Term
| what is the central integration center for the erection reflex? |
|
Definition
| sacral portion of the spinal cord. |
|
|
Term
| what is the efferent pathway for the erection reflex? |
|
Definition
| parasympathetic. sacral nerve |
|
|
Term
| what are the effectory and reflex response of the erectile reflex? |
|
Definition
| produce NO. erectile tissue widens and expands. |
|
|
Term
| Erection is primarily a (muscular or vascular) response? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ejaculation is primarily a (muscular or vascular) response? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| smooth muscle in the walls of the various ducts contract and move sperm from the ___ to the ____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ejaculatory contractions are stimulated by the ___nervous system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| skeletal muscle contractions in the base of the penis and the pelvic floor expell sperm from the ____ to the outside of the body. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the process of sperm formation is called ___? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in spermatogenesis what does meiosis accomplish? |
|
Definition
| cell division. 2 succesive nuclear division that result in cells w/ haploid number of chromosomes. |
|
|
Term
| in spermatogenesis what does spermiogenisis accomplish? |
|
Definition
| matuation of spermatids into sperm. |
|
|
Term
| the full name of a mature sperm is what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during sperm formation the normal chromosome number of ___is reduced to ___byt the process of ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in fertilization a sperm w/ __ chromosomes joins to an ovum w/ ___ chormosomes to form the new off spring w/ ___ chromosomes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the chromosome number of ___ is maintained in all cells formed during growth and development by the cell division process of ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which cell types secrete inhibin and androgen-binding protein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which cell types are the earliest stage of sperm cell development? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which cell types are cells within seminiferous tubules that provide nutrition to developing sperm cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which cell types are located between seminiferous tubules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which cell types are found in the outer part of seminifrerous tubule wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which cell types secrete testosterone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which cell types are pushed toward lumen as they develop? |
|
Definition
| primary spermatocytes, cecondary spermatocytes and spermatids |
|
|
Term
| which cell types are mature sperm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which cell types are found in lumen of seminiferous tubule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which cell types have 46 chromosomes? |
|
Definition
| primary spermatocytes, spermatogonia |
|
|
Term
| which cell types have 23 chromosomes? |
|
Definition
| secondary spermatocytes, spermatozoa and spermatids |
|
|
Term
| which cell types are stem cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which cell types form blood-testis barrier? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spermatogonia continually undergo this process to produce primary spermatocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what produces secondary spermatocytes and spermatids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what process reduces chromosome number from 46 to 23 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the entire process of sperm formation called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| conversion of spermatids to spermatozoa, packaging phase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in this process, one cell devides twice to form 4 cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| arrange sperm development in the proper order |
|
Definition
| spermatogonium-primary spermatocyte-secondary spermatocyte-spermatid-spermatozoa |
|
|
Term
| which portion of a mature sperm cell contains enzymes required for penetration of ovum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which portion of a mature sperm cell provides energy for sperm movement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which portion of a mature sperm cell contains a nucleus w/ 23 chromosomes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which portion of a mature sperm cell provides sperm motility? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the site of production and what are the effects of GnRH? |
|
Definition
| hypothalamus, stimluates gonadotrophs (LH and FSH) |
|
|
Term
| where is the site of production and what are the effects of LH? |
|
Definition
| anterior pituitary. stimluates the Leydig cells and testosterone |
|
|
Term
| where is the site of production and what are the effects of FSH? |
|
Definition
| anterior pituitary. stimulates spermatogeneisis |
|
|
Term
| where is the site of production and what are the effects of inhibin? |
|
Definition
| sertoli cells. inhibits FSH secretion |
|
|
Term
| where is the site of production and what are the effects of testosterone? |
|
Definition
| Leydig cells. suppresses LH and GnRH secretion. causes sertoli cells to release inhibin. androgen binding protein. causes masculinity, broad shoulders, narrow hips and hair. dering prenatal development, male organs develop. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LH (stimulate/inhibits) testosterone production? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| testosterone (stimulates/inhibits) LH production? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between androgens and testosterone? |
|
Definition
| testosterone is an androgen |
|
|
Term
| what are anabolic steroids? |
|
Definition
| steroid hormones. similar to testosterone. increase muscle size and strength. can cause liver cancer, kidney damage, heart disease, stunted growth, mood swings, aggression, acne. and can have opposite affects on genders, females grow hair and get deeper voices, males testis shrink! |
|
|
Term
| the female gonads are the what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are the ovaries located? |
|
Definition
| either side of the uterus |
|
|
Term
| what part of the female reproductive tract is paired? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what part of the female reproductive tract recieve and transport an oocyte toward the uterus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what part of the female reproductive tract support the developing fetus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what part of the female reproductive tract function as the birht canal and receives the penis during intercourse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what part of the female reproductive tract produces female hormones and gametes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does the structure of the uterine tubes aid the trasnport of an oocyte after ovulation? |
|
Definition
| moves eggs to the uterus. like a funnell waiting for the egg to lead it to the uterus. |
|
|
Term
| what are some possibel consequences of the fact that the uterine tubes open into the pelvic cavity? |
|
Definition
| provide route for sperm. transport eggs. fertilization. |
|
|
Term
| fold of mucous membrane partially covering the vaginal opening |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| term referring toa ll external genitalia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anterior pad of adipose tissue (female) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| paired lateral skin folds (female) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| erectile tissue, homologous to penis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| space enclosed by the labia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| produces secretions for lubrication (female) |
|
Definition
| greater vestibular glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diamond shaped area medial to the thighs and butt. on males and females. contains external genitalia and anus. |
|
|
Term
| describe the glandular structure of the mammary gland |
|
Definition
| produce milk in the alveoli, 15-20 lobes/compartments. adipose tissue. |
|
|
Term
| part of the uterus that is an incomplete layer; serous membrane continuous with parietal peritonium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| part of the uterus that is continuous laterally with the broad ligament? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| part of the uterus that is the inner lining, sloughed during menstration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| part of the uterus that is columnar epithelium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| part of the uterus that is smooth muscle; contracts during labor and delivery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| part of the uterus that is the largest main portion of the uterus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| part of the uterus that is the rounded portion extending above connection with uterine tubes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| part of the uterus that is the neck of the uterus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| part of the uterus that is the layer in which implantations occur? directly supports the growing embryo. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cell mass surrounding an oocyte |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| primary follicle, secondary follicle |
|
|
Term
| most mature follicle, ready for ovulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| formed from a follicle after ovulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| place the developmental stages of the follicle in the proper order |
|
Definition
| primary, secondary, mature (graafian) follicle |
|
|
Term
| the process of producing mature ova is called ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| timing (main differences between men and women) |
|
Definition
females - monthly cycle
males - @ puberty then 24-7 |
|
|
Term
| numbers of mature gametes formed (difference between females and males) |
|
Definition
females - 1 oocyte
males - 24/7 |
|
|
Term
| in both processes, why is meiosis necessary? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| entire process of ovum formation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most mature stage; formed only after fertilization |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| prior to birth, oogonia undergo this process to produce primary oocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| produces secondary oocytes and polar bodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oogenia, primary oocytes, secondary oocytes |
|
|
Term
| present only before birth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secondary oocytes, ova, polar bodies |
|
|
Term
| reduces chromosome number from 46-23 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contained in follicles at birth and beginning of puberty |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| process that resumes after puberty during each reproductive cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| degenerate cells produced during meiosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| arrange the stages of ovum development in the proper order, beginning with the most immature. at what point does meiosis I & II occur, at what point is the chromosome number reduced from 46-23, and at what point ovulation and fertilization occur |
|
Definition
| oogonia, primary oocyte, polar bodies, secondary oocyte, ovum. meiosis I (46)= oogonia, primary oocyte, polar bodies. meiosis II (23)= secondary oocyte, ovum. |
|
|
Term
| the ovarian cycle is divided into two phases, separated by the event of ________. The first phase is dominated by development of the follicle and is this called the __________ phase. The second phase is dominated by the corpus luteum and is thus called the ______ phase. In a 28-day cycle, the first phase lasts about _____ days, and the second phase about ____ days. |
|
Definition
| ovulation, follicular, luteal, 14, 14 |
|
|
Term
| what is the definition of ovulation? |
|
Definition
| the rupture of the mature (graafian) follicle & release of secondary oocyte into pelvic cavity |
|
|
Term
| what hormone is produced by the follicle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what hormones are produced by the corpus lutem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| day 1 of the uterine cycle is marked by what physical event? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle begins about day ___ of the ovarian cycle beause this phase depends on the hormone _____, secreted by ovarian follicles. Under the influence of this hormone, what structural changes occur in the uterus during this phase? |
|
Definition
| 5, estrogen, stimulate repair of endometrium |
|
|
Term
| the secretory phase begins after _____ and is due primarily to the hormone______. what structural changes occur in the uterus during this phase? |
|
Definition
| ovulation, progesterone, growth & coiling of endometrial glands (endometrium) |
|
|
Term
| if pregnancy does not occur, the menstrual phase begins about day ___ of the cycle. what hormonal conditions initiate this phase? |
|
Definition
| 1, decrease in progesterone |
|
|
Term
| what structural changes occur in the uterus during the menstrual phase? |
|
Definition
| uterine spiral arterioles constrict, endometrium is very thin. |
|
|
Term
| all of the changes during the uterine cycle occur in which layer of the uterine wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of the changes during the uterine cycle? |
|
Definition
| to prepare the uterus for implantation |
|
|
Term
| follicular phase corresponds with which uterine cycle phase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the luteal phase corresponds with what tuerine cycle phases? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which hypothalamic hormone stimulates secretion of the gonadotropic hormones? does this hormone stimulate secretion of FSH or LH or both? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which gonadotropic hormone stimulates development of the follicle during the early follicular phase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which ovarian hormone (sex hormone) is dominant during the follicular phase?______, produced by the __________. what is its effect on the uterus? |
|
Definition
| estrogen, developing follicle, stimulate repair of endometrium & thickens uterine wall |
|
|
Term
| early in the follicular phase, low-moderate levels of estrogen (increase/decrease) FSH production; but later, as this phase progresses, high levels of estrogen stimulate the ______ to release a surge of ____, which is the hormonal event that triggers ovulation. |
|
Definition
| decrease, anterior pituitary, LH |
|
|
Term
| which hormone is responsible for transformation of the reptured follicle into the corpus luteum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which hormones (sex hormones) are produced by the corpus luteum? _______ and ______; _______ being the dominant one. what is the effect of progesterone on the uterus? |
|
Definition
| progesterone, estrogen, progesterone, works w/estrogen to prep endometrium for implantation |
|
|
Term
| during this time, progesterone also (stimulates/inhibits) FSH and LH production, this blocking a new ovarian cycle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| by about day 23, the corpus luteum begins to degenerates, (if pregnancy has not occured) likely due to reduced levels of ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as the corpus luteum degenerates, levels of _______ and ______ drop, causing the endometrium to degenerate and slough, a process known as _______. |
|
Definition
| estrogen, progesterone, menstration |
|
|
Term
| this also removes the source of inhibition on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, allowing levels of ____ (from the anterior pituitary) to rise, which begins a new ovarian cycle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| site of production & effects of GnRH |
|
Definition
| hypothalamus, controls ovarian & uterine cycles |
|
|
Term
| site of production and effects of LH |
|
Definition
| anterior pituitary, stimulates furthur development of the ovarian follicles |
|
|
Term
| site of production & effects of FSH |
|
Definition
| anterior pituitary, initiates follicular growth |
|
|
Term
| site of production & effects of estrogens |
|
Definition
| ovarian follicles, on anterior pituitary/hypothalamus = decrease release of GnRH & secretion of LH & FSH, on uterus = prepare for implantation, on other body tissue and organs = promote adipose in breasts, hips, mons pubis, abdomen, hair growth, high voice etc. |
|
|
Term
| site of production & effects of progesterone |
|
Definition
| cells of corpus luteum, anterior pituitary/hypothalamus = decrease secretion of GnRH & LH, on uterus = prepare for implantation |
|
|
Term
| site of production & effects of inhibin |
|
Definition
| granulosa cells of follicles & by corpus luteum, decrease secretion of FSH & LH |
|
|
Term
| look at chart on page 16, #18 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the basic idea of how birth control pills work? |
|
Definition
| contain progesterone & estrogen. decrease FSH & LH which prevent ovulation. prevent development of dominant follicle |
|
|
Term
| if pregnancy occurs, degeneration of the corpus letuem is prevented by the hormone _____, which is secreted by the embryonic membrane called the _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hCG acts like ______. maintenance of the corpus luteum maintains its secretion of the hormones __________ and ________, which maintain the uterine lining. |
|
Definition
| LH, progesterone, estrogen |
|
|
Term
| by the 10th week of pregnancy, hCG levels frop, allowing the corpus luteum to degenerate. However, by this time, the _____ has taken over hormone production, ensuring furthur development of the uterus and preventing sloughing. It secretes _____ and _____ throughout pregnancy. |
|
Definition
| placenta, estrogen, progesterone |
|
|
Term
| what prevents the development of new follicles and ovulation during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
| levels of progesterone & estrogen |
|
|
Term
| what is the hormone detected in the pregnancy test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the period when secondary sexual characteristics begin to develop and the potential for sexual reproduction is reached. |
|
|
Term
| testosterone levels are low during childhood due to low ______ secretion. However, at puberty, levels of this hormone rise, causing _______ to rise, which stimulates the testes to increase production of testosterone. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| list some of the changes caused by testosterone during puberty |
|
Definition
| development of male sex characteristics, development of sexual function, stimulation of anabolism |
|
|
Term
| the cessation of female reproductive cycling is termed ______. The primary cause of this cessation if _______, which leads to low levels of the hormone ______. what are some postmenopausal changes due to lack of this hormone? |
|
Definition
| menopause, follicles become exhausted, estrogen, decline in bone mineral density, higher risk of uterine cancer. |
|
|
Term
| what at the key differences between estrogen and testosterone in their ability to stimulate a "growth spurt" |
|
Definition
| estrogen widens the pelvis, and the epiphyseal plates and bones stop growing first in females |
|
|
Term
| what hormone inhibits uterine contractions during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is estrogen produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is oxytocin produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is prostaglandin produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the stimulus for oxytocin and the progression of labor? |
|
Definition
| contraction of the uterine myometrium that force the baby's head or body into the cervix, stretching the cervix |
|
|
Term
| what are the receptors (type & location) for oxytocin and the progression of labor? |
|
Definition
| stretch receptors in cervix |
|
|
Term
| where is the central integrating center for oxytocin and the progression of labor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the efferent signal for oxytocin and the progression of labor? |
|
Definition
| neurosecretory cells release oxytocin into blood |
|
|
Term
| what is the effector & response of oxytocin and the progression of labor? |
|
Definition
| blood carries oxytocin to the uterus, where it stimulates the myometrium to contract more forcefully. |
|
|
Term
| what is the hormone that facilitates parturition by causing breakdown of collagenous fibers in the cervix and pubis symphysis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the drug pitocin, used to induce labor, is a commercial preparation of the hormone ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stimulate growth of mammary glands and ducts during pregnancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| produced by anterior pituitary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| released by the anterior pituitary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| produced by placenta during pregnancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stimulates milk production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| release stimulated by suckling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stimulates milk ejection ("let-down") |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are the receptors for the reflexes involved in lactation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the integration center for lactation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| many nursing mothers report feeling uterine contractions while they nurse |
|
Definition
| oxytocin stimulated during nursing stimulates uterine contractions to decrease |
|
|
Term
| mothers who nurse experience more rapid involution of the uterus with less blood loss |
|
Definition
| more contractions help the uterine to recover |
|
|
Term
| mothers often report experiencing milk let-down when they think of their babies or hear their babies cry. |
|
Definition
| sensory input to cerebral cortex & hypothalamus. & triggers oxytocin release |
|
|
Term
| pitocin, a commercial preparation of the hormone oxytocin, is used to induce labor. |
|
Definition
| stimulates uterine contractions but doesn't always work |
|
|
Term
| milk production creases naturally when nursing stops. |
|
Definition
| remove stimulus that keeps reflex going |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
