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| natural or experimental brain tissue destruction |
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| oldest technique for studying the brain. used with patients of brain injuries or diseases |
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| electroencephalogram (EEG) |
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| an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. these waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp |
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| the technique depicting the level of activity of brain areas by measuring the brain's consumption of glucose |
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| the technique that produces clearer images of the brain by using magnetic fields and radio waves |
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| Detects blood rushing to the part of the cortex thought to control the bodily activity being studied |
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| anterior cingulate cortex |
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| an area typically active when we experience conflicting urges |
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| at the base of the brainstem, where the spinal cord enters the skull, controls breathing and heartbeat |
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| above the medulla, help coordinate movements |
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| oldest part, where nerves from each side of the brain cross over to connect with the body's opposite side |
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| contained inside the brainstem and plays important role in controlling arousal |
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| electrically stimulating reticular formation produces ___ lesioning it _____ |
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| alerts it (awake), relaxes it(coma) |
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| top of brainstem, serves as the brains sensory switchboard, receives info from all senses except smell, then routing it to the regions dealing with those senses |
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rear of the brainstem, influences nonverbal learning and memory
major function is coordination of voluntary movement and balance control |
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| lower brain functions occur |
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| brain processes most info |
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| amygdala lesions used to treat violent humans |
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below thalamus, regulates bodily maintenance behaviors such as hunger,thirst, and body temperature(sex)
contains reward centers |
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| how does hypothalamus regulate behavior |
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Definition
| regulates behavior by secreating hormones that enable it to control the pituitary gland |
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| discovered that hypothalamus region also contains reward centers which animals work hard to have stimulated |
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| reward deficiency syndrome |
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Definition
| a genetically disposed deficiency in the natural brain systems for pleasure and well being that leads people to crave whatever provides thatt missing pleasure or relieves negative feelings |
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| the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres;the body's ultimate control and information-processing center |
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the non neural cells that support, protect,and nourish cortical neurons.
plays roles in learning and thinking also |
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| frontal(front), parietal(behind fl),occipital(back, below pl), temporal(next to ol and towards the front) |
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| an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements |
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| the more precise the control needed |
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Definition
| the greater amount of cortical space occupied |
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| which recording electrodes are implanted in this area of animals' brains, raise hopes that who are paralyzed can control machines with their thoughts |
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front of parietal lobe
when stimulated elicits a sensation of touch |
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| more sensitive a body region, |
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| the greater the area of sensory cortex devoted to it. |
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| in the back of the brain where visual info is recieved |
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| next to ol, but towards the front where auditory info is received |
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areas of brain that dont recieve sensory info or direct movement, but integrate and interpret info recieved by other regions
is 3/4ths of human cortex |
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| involved in judging and planning, and in some aspects of personality |
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| behind the frontal, enbale mathmatical and spatial reasoning |
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| enable us to recognize faces |
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| involved in producing speech |
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involved in understanding speech,
(comprehending language) |
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| involved in recoding printed words into auditory form |
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| the quality of the brain that makes it possible for undamaged brain areas to take over the functions of damaged regions |
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dominant hemisphere
damage to it will impair language and understanding (rationalization)
deft people use this hemisphere |
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| seperated the 2 hemispheres of the brain by cutting the corpus callosum |
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acts on autopilot
controls perceptual tasks
specializes in spatial relations |
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| hemispheric specialization |
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