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Module 23: Mood Disorder and Schizophrenia
Vocabulary concerning mood disorders, electroconvulsive therapy, personality disorders, and schizophrenia.
35
Psychology
12th Grade
04/28/2011

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Term
Mood Disorder
Definition
a prolonged and disturbed emotional state that affects almost all of a person's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Term
Major Depressive Disorder
Definition
marked by at least two weeks of continually being in a bad mood, having no interest in anything, and getting no pleasure from activities; in addition, a person must have at least four of the following symptoms: problems with eathing, sleeping, thinking, concentrating, or making decisions, lacking energy, thinking about suicide, and feeling worthless or guilty.
Term
Bipolar I Disorder
Definition
marked by fluctuations between episodes of depression and mania; a manic episode goes on for at least a week, during which a person is unusually euphoric, cheerful, and high and has at least three of the following symptoms: has great self-esteem, has little need for sleep, speaks rapidly and frequently, has racing thoughts, is easily distracted, and pursues pleasurable activities.
Term
Dysthymic Disorder
Definition
characterized by being chronically but not continuously depressed for a period of two years; while depressed, a person experiences at least two of the following symptoms: poor appetite, insomnia, fatigue, low self-esteem, poor concentration, and feelings of hopelessness.
Term
Biological Theory of Depression
Definition
emphasizes underlying genetic, neurological, or physiological factors that may predispose a person to developing a mood disorder.
Term
Psychosocial Factors
Definition
underlying personality traits, amount of social support, and the ability to deal with stressors; believed to interact with predisposing biological factors that combine to put one at risk of developing a mood disorder.
Term
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Definition
involves placing electrodes on the skull and administering a mild electric current that passes through the brain and causes a seizure; usual treatment consists of a series of 10-12 sessions, at the rate of about three per week.
Term
Personality Disorder
Definition
consists of inflexible, long-standing, maladaptive traits that cause significantly impaired functioning or great distress in one's personal and social life.
Term
Paranoid PD
Definition
pattern of distrust and suspiciousness and perceiving others as having evil motives.
Term
Schizotypical PD
Definition
characterized by an acute discomfort in close relationships, distortions in thinking, and eccentric behavior.
Term
Histrionic PD
Definition
characterized by excessive emotionality and attention seeking.
Term
Obsessive-Compulsive PD
Definition
intense interest in being orderly, achieving perfection, and having control.
Term
Dependent PD
Definition
refers to a pattern of being submissive and clingy because of an excessive need to be taken care of.
Term
Antisocial PD
Definition
refers to a pattern of disregarding or violating the rights of others without feeling guilt or remorse.
Term
Schizophrenia
Definition
serious mental disorder that lasts for at least six months and includes at least two of the following symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, and decreased emotional expression- these interfere with personal and social functioning.
Term
Paranoid Schizo.
Definition
characterized by auditory hallucinations or delusions, such as thoughts of being persecuted by others or thoughts of grandeur.
Term
Disorganized Schizo.
Definition
marked by bizarre ideas, often about one's body, confused speech, childish behavior, great emotional swings, and often extreme neglect of personal appearance and hygiene.
Term
Catatonic Schizo.
Definition
characterized by periods of wild excitement or periods or rigid, prolonged immobility; sometimes the person assumes the same frozen posture for hours on end.
Term
Type I Schizo.
Definition
includes having positive symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions, which are a distrotion of normal functions; in addition, this group has no intellectual impairment, good reaction to medication, and thus a good chance of recovery.
Term
Type II Schizo.
Definition
includes having negative symptoms, such as dulled emotions and little inclination to speak, which are a loss of normal functions; in addition, this group has intellectual impairment, poor reaction to medication, and thus a poor chance of recovery.
Term
Genetic Marker
Definition
refers to an identifiable gene or number of genes or a specific segment of a chromosome that is directly linked to some behavioral, physiological, or neurological trait or disease.
Term
Diathesis Stress Theory of Schizo.
Definition
says that some people have a genetic predisposition that interacts with life stressors to result in the onset and development of schizo.
Term
Positive Symptoms of Schizo.
Definition
reflect a distortion of normal functions: distorted thinking results in delusions; distorted perceptions result in allucinations; distorted language results in disorganized speech.
Term
Negative Symptoms of Schizo.
Definition
reflect a decrease in or loss of normal functions: decreased range and intensity of emotions, decreased ability to express thoughts, and decreased initiative to engage in goal-directed behaviors.
Term
Neuroleptic/Antipsychotic Drugs
Definition
used to treat serious mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, by changing levels of neurotransmitters in the brain.
Term
Typical Neuroleptic Drugs
Definition
primarily reduce levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine; two of the more common are phenothiazines and butrophenones; reduce positive symptoms and have little effect on negative ones.
Term
Dopamine Theory
Definition
says that in schizophrenia the dopamine neurotransmitter system is somehow overactive and gives rise to a wide range of symptoms.
Term
Atypical Neuroleptic Drugs
Definition
lower levels of dopamine but, more important, reduce levels of other neurotransmitters, especially serotonin; one group of these drugs in the benzamides; these drugs reduce positive and negeative symptoms.
Term
Tardive Dyskinesia
Definition
involves the appearance of slow, involuntary, and uncotrollable rhythmic movements of the limbs; this condition is associated with the continued use of typical neuroleptics.
Term
Dissociative Disorder
Definition
characterized by a person having a disruption, split, or breakdown in his/her normal integrated self, consciousness, memory, or sense of identity; relatively rare and unusual.
Term
Dissociative Amnesia
Definition
characterized by the inability to recall important personal information or events and is usually associated with stressful or traumatic events; the importance or extent of the information forgotten is too great to be explained by normal forgetfulness.
Term
Dissociative Fugue
Definition
a disturbance marked by suddenly and unexpectedly traveling away from home or place of work and being unable to recall one's past; the person may not remember his/her identity or may be confused about his/her new, assumed identity.
Term
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Definition
the presence of two or more distinct indentities or personality states, ecah with its own pattern of perceiving, thinking about, and relating to the world; different personality states may take control of the individual's thoughts and behaviors at different times.
Term
Major Depressive Disorder
Definition
marked by at least two weeks of continually being in a bad mood, having no interest in anything, and getting no pleasure from activities; in addition, a person must have at lest four of the following symptoms: problems with eating, sleeping, thinking, concentrating, or making decisions, lacking energy, thinking about suicide, and feeling worthless and guilty.
Term
Beck's Cognitive Theory of Depression
Definition
says that when we are feeling down, automatic, negative thoughts that we rarely notice occur continually throughout the day; these negative thoughts distort how we perceive and interpret the world and thus influence our beaviors and feelings, which in turn contribute to our feeling depressed.
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